Blood quiz
What are the two major components of blood?
Formed elements and plasma
How much percent of blood is made up of Formed elements?
45%
How much percent of blood is made up of plasma?
55%
What are the formed elements?
RBC's, WBC's, and Platelets
What accounts for the most part of the formed elements?
RBC's- 95.1%
What accounts for the least part of the formed elements?
WBC's- <0.1%
What protein is found in Erythrocytes?
Hemoglobin
What element is needed to make hemoglobin?
Iron
What is erythropoiesis?
The process of production of RBC's
What is hemoglobin split into?
Heme and globin
What is heme broken up into?
Iron and biliverdin
what happens to Iron after it has been split from heme?
It is either recycled in red bone marrow or stored in liver
What happens to Bilverdin after split from heme?
it is converted to bilirubin and excerted in bile
What dietary factors can affect RBC production?
Vitamin B12, Folic Acids, and Iron
food source of Vitamin B12?
Meat
Food source for Folic Acids?
Leafy greens, beans, and peanuts
Food source for Iron?
meat, beans, and eggs
What is the difference between a granulocyte and an agranulocyte?
Granulocytes originate from bone marrow, while agranulocytes originate from lymph nodes
What are platelets?
Tiny megakaryocyte cell fragments in the formed elements part of blood that repair damaged blood vessels by adhering to broken edges
What components make up plasma?
Mostly water and plasma protiens
What are plasma proteins?
Albumins, Globulins, and Fibrinogens
What is the function of Albumins?
maintain osmotic pressure of blood
What is the function of Globulins?
transport lipids, fats, and soluble vitamins and transfers alpha, beta and gamma antibodies
What is the function of Fibrinogens?
allow blood coagulation
Blood coagulation
an important process that prevents excessive bleeding when a blood vessel is injured
What are the five categories of leukocytes?
Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes
Neutrophils function
"eats" bacteria, particles, and small cells
Neutrophil characteristics
- C- shaped nucleus made of 1-5 lobes
- light purple granules
- most common
Eosinophil function
moderates inflammation, and allergic reactions, and defends against infections
Eosinophil characteristics
- coarse reddish granules
- nucleus usually bilobad
Basophil function
releases chemicals (Histamine & Heparin) that go to damaged tissues
Basophil characteristics
- coarse deep blue-black granules
- nucleus often almost hidden by granules
- least common
Monocyte Function
Macrophages- kills microrganisms, removes dead cells and stimulates the immune system
Monocyte characteristics
- largest WBCs
- cytoplasm is nearly vlear
- round, kidney shaped nucleus
Lymphocyte function
creates T and B cells that make antibodies to help fight viruses
lymphocyte characteristics
- smallest WBC
- roundish nucleus that fills most of cell
- thin rim of mostly clear cytoplasm
what are the fuctions of blood?
- transport nutrients O2, and hormones
- remove waste and CO2
- helps maintain homeostasis
- fight infections
- healing wounds
what is the function of plasma?
takes nutrients and protiens to where the body needs them
what is the fuction of the formed elements?
fight infections and heal wounds