Nervous System
Medulla oblongata gets blood supply from the ?
verterbral arteries
3 Major parts of the brain stem ?
-Mid brain
-Pons
-Medulla oblongata
Area's of the brain that the carotid system supplies blood to ?
-middle cerebral artery
-Lateral surface of frontal, parietal and temporal lobes
-medial surfaces of the frontal and parietal lobes
Ataxia symptoms ?
Inability to coordinate musclular movement due to cerebellar lesion
Bell's Palsy Symptoms?
A temporary weakness or paralysis of the facial muscles due to 7th cranial nerve lesion---> leading to one side of the face to droop or become stiff
Blood supply for the lower half of the Cerebellum ?
Supplied from 3 main branches of the vertebral artery
Control of temperature, endocrine activity and thrist are associated with the_________?
Diencephalon
CSF circulation in the brain ?
1. Lateral ventricles
2. Third ventricle
3. Fourth ventricle
4. Subarachnoid space
5. Arachnoid villi or the dural venous sinuses (site of absorption)
Parkinson's Disease symptoms?
Brain disorder that leads to shaking and stiffness
-difficulty with walking, balance and coordination
The area of the brain that controls breathing and heart rate ______?
Brain stem
The thalamus, hypothalamu and epithalamus consistute the ________?
Diencephalon
What are the 4 lobes in the brain ?
-Frontal Lobe
-Parietal Lobe
-Occipital Lobe
-Temporal Lobe
what are the shallow grooves on the surface of the cortex ?
Sulcus
What is CSF absrobed by ?
Arachnoid villi of the dural venous sinuses
Where does the midbrain's blood supply come from?
basilar - via the medial and lateral perforating arteries
where does the Occipital Lobe get its blood supply from?
Posterior cerebral artery
Where does the Temporal Lobe get its blood supply from?
The middle cerebral artery
Function of vestibulocochlear (cranial nerve) ?
Hearing and balance (equillibrium)
Function of Olfactory?
Smell
Function of Optic (cranial nerve)?
Vision
Function of Trigeminal (cranial nerve) ?
Facial sensations and chewing
Function of Facial (cranial nerve)?
facial movement and taste
Function of Glossopharyngeal (cranial nerve)?
Swallowing, taste, saliva secretion, throat sensation
Function of Vagus (cranial nerve)?
(Anything vague)- heart rate, motor of digestive system, dramatic effect of the heart beat slowing and decrease of blood pressure, respiratory rate, motor to the larynx
Function of Accessory (cranial nerve)?
rotation/movement of the head and shoulders
Function of Abducens and Trochlear (cranial nerve)?
Eye movement
Function of Hypoglossal (cranial nerve) ?
Tongue movement
Function of Oculomotor (cranial nerve)?
Eye movement and pupil reflex
3 types of neurons ?
-Sensory neurons
-Motor neurons
-Inter-neurons
Sensory Neurons
-carry nerve impulses from receptor to the CNS
-have long dendrites and short axons
Motor Neurons
-Carry nerve impulses from the CNS to an effector (ex. Muscle or gland )
Inter-neurons
-Found completely within the CNS
-Provides a link within the CNS between sensory neurons and motor neurons
-Have short dendrites
-Long or short axons
3 Layers of Meninges?
-Dura Mater (outermost layer)
-Arachnoid (Middle thin and wispy)
-Pia Mater (Inner most layer)
Spinal cord regions ?
-Cervical (8)
-Thoracic (12)
-Lumbar (5)
-Sacral (5)
-Coccygeal (1)
Midbrain
Acts as a pathway for impulses to be conducted between the brain and the spinal cord
Pons
Connects cerebellum to the rest of the brain
Medulla oblongata
Most inferior positioned portion of the brain
-connects the brain to the spinal cord
Brainstem Functions
Controls:
-Breathing
-Blood pressure
-Heart rate
-also allows passage of nerve fibers between brain and spinal cord
Diencephalon Functions
Regulation of:
-Body temperature
-Water balance
-Metabolism
-control of endocrine system
-Sex, thirst, pain, pleasure, food
3 parts of the diecephalon ?
-thalamus
-epithalamus
-hypothalamus
-metathalamus = responsible for secrestion of hormones
Cerebellum Functions
-coordinating voluntary movements
-maintains balance and equillibrium
Occipital Lobe Functions
-vision
Damage to the occipital lobe can result in permanent blindness
Parietal Lobe Function
-Recieving and processing sensory input
-Language
Temporal Lobe Function
-Hearing
-Learning -understanding anf responding
-Process feelings
Frontal Lobe Functions
-Thinking
-Memory
-Behaviour
-Movement
What are the raised areas of the brain called ?
Gyri
Deeper grooves of the brain ?
Fissures
Parts of the Neuron ?
-dendrites
-axons
-cell body
-synaptic terminals
Functions of CSF?
-Lightens the weight of the brain
-Stabilizing brain during head movement
-Nouurishment of the brain
-removes waste products (acts as lymphatics)