Chapter 4 health science
Motion of the Deltoid
Arm abduction flexion and extension
Pectoralis Major Motion
Flexion of the humerus and adducts the humerus
Motion of hamstring
Hip extension and knee flexion
Motion of triceps
Shoulder extension and elbow extension
Motion of biceps
Shoulder extension and elbow flexion
Motion of Quadriceps
Hip flexion and knee extension
Range of motion testing (ROM)
Evaluate joint mobility and muscle strength
Deep Tendon Reflex (DTR)
Used to assess the integrity of the motor system
Reflex hammer
Reflex-involuntary response to a stimulus
Quadriplegia
Paralysis of all four extremities (Qudriplegic) Everything neck down
Paraplegia
Paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body
Sprain vs. Strain
Sprain- Injury to a joint in which a ligament is stretched or torn.
Strain- Injury to the muscle or to the tendons of a muscle.
Usually a overuse injury.
Overstretch or tear of a muscle or attachment
Heel Spur
Calcium deposit in the plantat fascia near its attachment.
Attachment is on the calcaneus bone.
Capal Tunnel
Occurs when the median nerve is irritated
Rotator Cuff Injuries
Subscapular
Largest, strongest muscle in the rotator cuff.
Function- Internal rotation if the humerus
Rotator Cuff Injurie
Teres minor muscle
A narrow elongated muscle
Function- To modulate the action of the deltoid, and also to rotate the humerus laterally.
Rotator Cuff Injurie
Infraspinatus
A thick triangular muscle
Function- Externally rotate the humerus and stabilize the shoulder joint.
Rotator Cuff Injuries
Supraspiratus
A small muscle of the upper back
Function- Initiate abduction head against the upward pull of the deltoid.
Referred Pain
Pain that originates in one area of the body, but felt in another.
Myalgia
Pain in the muscle
Tendonitis
Inflammation of the tendons caused by excessive or unusual use of the joint.
Antagonistic Muscle Pair
All muscles are arranged in antagonistic pairs.
Antagonistic- Working in opposition to each other when one contracts, the other muscles relaxes.
Contraction- Tightening of a muscle, muscle becomes shorter.
Relaxation- Muscle returns to its original form, muscle becomes longer.
Muscle Innervation
The stimulation of a muscle by an impulse transmitted by a motor neuron.
Visceral and myocardial muscle
Visceral muscle- Large internal organ, visceral means internal organ.
Myocardial muscle- Cardiac muscle (heart)
Voluntary vs Involunatary muscles
Voluntary muscle- Conscious control over these muscles
Involuntary muscle- Not under voluntary control & Non Fatigue
Achilles Tendon
Strongest tendon in the body.
Attaches the calf (gastrocenemius muscle) to the heel bone (calcaneus)
RICE principles
Rest, crutches, bed
Ice, decrease inflammtion, decrease pain
Compression, deive out swelling from injured body part
Elevation, gravity
Tendons vs Ligaments
Tendons attach muscle to bone
Ligaments attach bones to bones