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Physical Science | In the Beginning

it is a branch of natural science that studies non-living systems

physical science

a branch of astronomy that involves the origin and evolution of the universe

cosmology

universe began through the explosion of a primordial atom which happened 13 billion years ago

big bang theory

3 cosmic stages

1. big bang nucleosynthesis
2. stellar formation and evolution

3. stellar explosion, or supernova

formed the light elements

big bang nucleosynthesis

formed the element heavier than Be to Fe

stellar formation and evolution

formed the elements heavier than Fe

stellar explosion, or supernova

is composed of 73% hydrogen, 25% helium and 2% others

the universe

describes the birth, life and death of the stars

nuclear reaction

the oldest particles

hydrogen and helium

explains how the elements were initially formed the formation of different elements

big bang theory

a point in a space and/or a moment in time where the universe was infinitely hot and dense

singularity

a theory of exponential expansion of a space in the early universe

inflation

lasted from 10-³⁶ seconds

inflationary epoch

the process that creates new atomic nuclei from pre-existing nucleus, primarily protons and neutrons

nucleosynthesis

nucleo means

nucleus

synthesis means

"putting together"

formation of elements by combining the simple nuclei or atomic particles

big bang nucleosynthesis

CNO stands for

carbon, nitrogen, oxygen cycle

its undergo CNO - carbon, nitrogen, oxygen cycle to convert hydrogen into helium

massive stars

how many minutes does universe rapidly expanded due to extreme temperature but also cooled off so quickly?

after three minutes

how many tons of hydrogen in the sun is being converted into helium every second?

600 million tone of hydrogen

what is the age of our sun?

middle-aged star

how old is our sun?

4.5 billion years old, will become a red giant star when it reaches 10 billion years of existence

giant cloud of gas and dust known as?

nebula

it starts to form when nuclear fusion occurs at the core of the star

main sequence star

red giant star become exhausted of nuclear fuel, the outer material is blown off into space leaving the inert carbon. the remnant is known as

white dwarf

this is said to be the remain of the white dwarf that cooled down and no longer emits light and heat

black dwarf

it is believed that it is formed from supernova explosion. this is also the smallest star

neutron star

is a region in space when gravity is too strong that no matter can escape from it

black hole

the largest known star

red super giant star

happens when a star has reached the end of its life and explodes in a brilliant burst of light

supernova

supported democritus's atomos theory, saying that belief in such theory can actually help human beings live better lives

epicurus (341-270 BC)

the dark age of atomism

alchemy

widely attributed by democritus

atomism

the science of of the composition of matter

chemistry

indicates the number of protons in an atom

atomic number

is equal to the sum of the number of protons and neutrons

atomic mass

refer to atoms with the same atomic number but different atomic masses

isotope

positively or negatively charged particles, have the same number of protons in different number of electrons

ions

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