Physical Science | In the Beginning
it is a branch of natural science that studies non-living systems
physical science
a branch of astronomy that involves the origin and evolution of the universe
cosmology
universe began through the explosion of a primordial atom which happened 13 billion years ago
big bang theory
3 cosmic stages
1. big bang nucleosynthesis
2. stellar formation and evolution
3. stellar explosion, or supernova
formed the light elements
big bang nucleosynthesis
formed the element heavier than Be to Fe
stellar formation and evolution
formed the elements heavier than Fe
stellar explosion, or supernova
is composed of 73% hydrogen, 25% helium and 2% others
the universe
describes the birth, life and death of the stars
nuclear reaction
the oldest particles
hydrogen and helium
explains how the elements were initially formed the formation of different elements
big bang theory
a point in a space and/or a moment in time where the universe was infinitely hot and dense
singularity
a theory of exponential expansion of a space in the early universe
inflation
lasted from 10-³⁶ seconds
inflationary epoch
the process that creates new atomic nuclei from pre-existing nucleus, primarily protons and neutrons
nucleosynthesis
nucleo means
nucleus
synthesis means
"putting together"
formation of elements by combining the simple nuclei or atomic particles
big bang nucleosynthesis
CNO stands for
carbon, nitrogen, oxygen cycle
its undergo CNO - carbon, nitrogen, oxygen cycle to convert hydrogen into helium
massive stars
how many minutes does universe rapidly expanded due to extreme temperature but also cooled off so quickly?
after three minutes
how many tons of hydrogen in the sun is being converted into helium every second?
600 million tone of hydrogen
what is the age of our sun?
middle-aged star
how old is our sun?
4.5 billion years old, will become a red giant star when it reaches 10 billion years of existence
giant cloud of gas and dust known as?
nebula
it starts to form when nuclear fusion occurs at the core of the star
main sequence star
red giant star become exhausted of nuclear fuel, the outer material is blown off into space leaving the inert carbon. the remnant is known as
white dwarf
this is said to be the remain of the white dwarf that cooled down and no longer emits light and heat
black dwarf
it is believed that it is formed from supernova explosion. this is also the smallest star
neutron star
is a region in space when gravity is too strong that no matter can escape from it
black hole
the largest known star
red super giant star
happens when a star has reached the end of its life and explodes in a brilliant burst of light
supernova
supported democritus's atomos theory, saying that belief in such theory can actually help human beings live better lives
epicurus (341-270 BC)
the dark age of atomism
alchemy
widely attributed by democritus
atomism
the science of of the composition of matter
chemistry
indicates the number of protons in an atom
atomic number
is equal to the sum of the number of protons and neutrons
atomic mass
refer to atoms with the same atomic number but different atomic masses
isotope
positively or negatively charged particles, have the same number of protons in different number of electrons
ions