Go Go
All organizations-business, political, cultural, or social are involved in management because it is the management which helps and directs the various efforts toward a definite purpose. It is a very popular and widely used term. Is a universal phenomenon.
Management
He is a british consultant and author
Edward francis leopold brech
He defined management as social process entailing responsibility for effectibe planning regulations of operations of an enterprise.
Edward Francis Leopold Brech
He is an author of 14 principles of management.
Henri Fayol
He stated management is to forecast, to plan, to organize, to command, to coordinate and to control.
Henri Fayol
He is the father of scientific management.
Frederick Winslow Taylor
He defined management as the art of knowing what you want to do and seeing it is done in the best and cheapest way.
Frederick Winslow Taylor
He is an american professir and business theorist.
Harold Koontz
He said that management is an art of getting things done through and with the peopl in formally organized groups. It is an art of creating an environment in which people can perform and individuals and can cooperate towards attainment of groups goals.
Harold Koontz
He is the father of management
Peter Drucker
10 Characteristics of management
setting goals for organization, awareness of opportunities and resources, management is transformation process, management is universal, system of authority, management is dynamic, management is decision making, management is a profession, management as a science, management as an art
Goals differ from organization to organization in business, the basic economic goal is to earn maximum profit, while in service organization like hospital and educational institution for the basic goal is to provide better service and better education.
Setting goals for organizations
Management has awareness of opportunities and resources like men, materials, money, which assembles and integrates by management.
Awareness of opportunities and resources
Managament consisting of planning, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling
Management is transformation process
The principles and techniques of managment are hniversally applicable to all group activities performed at any level of organization.
Management is universal
It means a hierarchy of command and control. Managers at different levels posses varying degress of authority.
System of authority
The ever changing social environment directly and indirectly effevts the grouo activity thus changinv environments provide a challenge to management. Efficient management cannot remain static it must adopt itself to changing conditions.
Managemnt is dynamic
The managers are decision makers he marketinv managers. The decide about how market, when to market, where to market how to collect funds for organization.
Management is decision making
The task of manager has been quite specialized. As a resuly of these developments the managements has reached a stage where everything is to be manahed professionally. It may be defined as an occupatoon that requires specialized knowledge and intensive academic preparations to which entry is regukated by a representative body.
Management is a profession
It is a body of knowledge pertaining to a specific field of study that contains general.facts which explains a phenomenon. It cannot be denied that management has a systematic body of knowledge but it is not as exact as that of other physical sciences.
Management as a science
It implies application of kmowledge and skill to trying about desired results. It may be defines as personalized application of general theoritical principles for achieving best possible result. Managing requires certain skills which are personal possessions of managers.
Management as an art
What are the importance of management?
it helps in achieving group goals, optimum utilization of resources, reduces costs, establishes sound orgnaization, establishes equilibrium, essentials for prosperity of society
It arranges the factorsof production, assembles, and organizes the resources, Intergrates the resourcesin effective manner to achieve goals.
It helps in achieving group goals
Management utilizes all the physical and human resources productively. This leads to efficacy in management.
Optimum utilization of resources
It gets maximum results throughy minimum input by proper planning and by using minimum input and getting maximum output.
Reduces costs
No overlappinh of efforts (smooth and coordinated functions)
Establishes sound organization
It enables the organizations to survive in changing environment.
Estblishes equilibrium
Efgicient managemnt leads to better economical production which helps in turn to increase the welfare of people.
Essentials for prosperity of society
What are the functions of management?
planning, orginizing, staffing, directing, controlling
What are the levels of Managements?
top, upper middle, middle, low, operatinv force or rank and file workmen
It is about humam relations and approach, his assumptioms are based mainly on theory of has defines five level of hierarchy of needs startinh from the biologicak need and then coming to more intangible ones.
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
What is the upper part of the triangle?
Self Actualization needs
What is the 4th needs in hierarchy of needs?
Ego needs
What is the 3rd need in hierarchy of needs?
Social needs
What is the 2nd need in hierarchy of needs?
Safety needs
What is the 1st need in hierarchy of needs or the bottom part of the triangle?
Physical needs
Good management intends to achieve an objectuve with the least use of man, machine, money and material and at the same time maximum satisfaction of the participants.
Evolution of management theory
The utility of scientific methods to problems of management was first introduced by Frederick Winslow...
Taylor's scientific management
It may be defined as the " Art of what is to be done and the best way of doing it. "
Scientific management
Administrative management theory - He is the father of modern management. He establised the patyern of management and the pyramidal form of organization. He pointed out that technical ability is more dominatinb on the lower level of management managerial ability is more importany on the higher level of management.
Henri Fayol
He analyzed the process of management and divided the activities of an industrial undertaking into six groups.
Henri Fayol
What are the divided six groups of activities?
technical, commercial, financial, security, accounting, managerial
Generally recognized as father of human relations approach, he led the team which conducted the study of psychological reaction of workers in on-the job situations, he concluded that work arrangements in addition to meeting the objective requirements of production must at the same time satisfy the employee subjective requiremeny of social satisfaction at his work place.
Elton Mayo
He divides leadership in two styles labeled theory X and theory Y.
Douglas McGregor
Recognized as father of human relations approach.
Elton Mayo
Theory blank is exercised to managers on assumptionz about human beings. These assumptions as laid down or observed are:
X
It focuses a totally different set of assumptions about the employees. Some employees consider work as natural as play or rest. They have control, committed to objective.
Y
Here the organization is viewed as a system. Every department is considered as a sub-system, it is also possible that every department can be viewed as a system and every section of the department can be viewed as a sub-system, it helps to study the basic feature amd function of the organizatiom its minutest details.
System approach to management
The collection of interrelated parts called as _______ which constitutes one whole unit.
Sub-system
This approach facilitates the study of each if these parts in detail to have a close understanding if the whole system.
System approach
Maslow's theory has been modifie and he called in two-factor's theory of motivation.
Herzberg's two-factors theory
What are the two factors in Herzberg's theory
dissatifiers and satisfiers
These group if needs are such things as company policy and administration, supervision, working conditions, interpersonal relations, salary, status, job security abd personal life.
dissatisfiers
He means their presence or existence does not motivate in the sense of yielding satisfaction, but their absence would result in dissatisfaction. These are also referred to as hygiene factors.
dissatisfiers
Related to job content not context. He include achievement, recognition, challenge work, advancement and growth in the job.
satisfiers
Herzberg says that their presence will yield feelings of satisfaction or no satisfaction but not dissactisfaction.
satisfiers
Involves selecting the objectives amnd actions to achieves them. This stage involves decision making and choosing future cources of action from the various alternatives.
Planning
Role of each person in any organization is fixed. The concept of role is who will be doing what should be known, to achive organizational targets efgiciently. It is intended that all tasks necessary to achieve targets are aasigned to people who can do the best.
Organizing
This functiin includes keeping the various organizational position fixed. This activity is done by identifyinh work force requirements, keeping the records of the performance of people workinh with the organization. So that suitable people can be prompted and at the same time peopl performing not up to the mark could be send for training.
Staffing
If all the activities are taking place in nice way in any organization, it will give rise minimum work force turnover.
Staffing
It means influecing people so that they will contribute to the organization targets directing involves motivation, leadership styles and proper communication.
Directing
It is the process of comparinv the plans with the results. If there is deviation attain taken to be bridge the gap between plan and actual results.
Controlling
It is a complex process following the principles by which organization activity can be accomplished.
Coordinating
It includes board of directors, managing directors, chief executives, general managers, onwer and shareholders.
Top management
The functions are seeting basic goals amd obejctives, expanding or contracting activities, establishing policies, monitorinv percormance, etc.
Top management
It includes sales excutives, production executives, finance executuves, accounts executives.
Upper Middle management
The functions are establishment of the organization, selection of staff for lower levels of management, installing different departments, designing operatinh policies and routines, etc.
Upper Middle management
It includes superintendent, Branch managers, general
Middle management
The functions are to cooperate to run organization smoothlg, to understand inter locking of department in major policies, to achieve coordination between different parts of the organization, etc.
Middle management
It includes foreman, supervisors or charge hamds, office superintendent.
Lower management
It includes workers, rank and file workman, skilled and semi-skilled workers, unskilled workers.
Operating force
A system in which there woild be an effective and fruitful coordination and cooperation between the management amd the workers.
Principles of scientific management
8 principles of scientific management.
development of science for each element of work, scientific selection, placement and traininh of workers, division of labour, standardization of methods, procedures, tools and equipment, use of time and motion study, differential wage system, cooperation between labour and management, principle of management by exception
This management should pay more attention to those areas of work where standards and procedures could not be established.
Top management
It uses human skills, material resources and scientific methods to perform all the activities leadinv to the achievement of goods.
Management
It is knowinh exactly wjat you want men to seeing that they do it the best and cheapest way.
Management
Who says that management is defined as the creation and maintenance environmemt in an enterprise where individuals working together in groups, cam peeform efficientkh and eefectively towarfs the attainment.
Harold Koontz and O'Donell
The stidy and application of management techniques in managinv the affairs of the organization have changed its nature over the period of time.
Nature of Management
5 nature of management
multidisciplinary, dynamic nature of principle, relative, not absolute principles, management science or art, management as profession
This implies that, althought management has been developed as a separate discipline, it draws knowledge ans concepts from various disciplines. Management integrates the ideas and concepts taken from these disciplines and present newer concepgs which can be put into practice for managing the organization.
Multidisciplinary
Based on integration and supported by practical evidences, management has formed certain principles.
Dynamic nature of principle
These principles are flexible in nature and change with the changes in the environment in which am organization exists.
Dynamic nature of principle
They should be applied acvording to the need of the organization. Each organization may be different from others. The difference may exist because of time, plave, socio-cultural factors, etc.
Relative, not absolute principles
Yhere is a controversy whether management is science or art. However, management is both a scienced and art.
Management science or art
Management has been regarded as profession by many while many have suggested that it has not achieved the status of a profession.
Management as profession
What are the characteristics of management in Unit 1
setting goals for organizations, awarenes of opportunities and resources, management is transformation process, management is universal, system of authority, co-ordination, management is dynamic, management is decision making, management is profession
Various human beings organized in formal groups are endeavoring to achieve the common organizational objectives, so variojs departments in the organization must work in harmony with one another.
Co-ordination
No ideology, no ism or political the greater output with less efforts from a given complex of human and materials resource only sound management and it is on such greater output that a higher standard of life, more leisure, more amenities for all.
Importance of management.
5 importance of management in unit 1
effective utilization of resources, development of resources, to incorporate innovations, integrating various interest groups, stability in the society
One who leads a given group or team of people is called
Leader
It is ability to influence people to achieve the given goals in an organization.
Leadership
It is one who shares success with followers and absorbs all failures
True leader
It has to ensure that people under his guidance are comfortable and their good work is recognized
Leader
Has to adopt such a ste of working that takes care of people around him. There are also some leader who do not care for people and who care more for the task completion
Good Leader
What are the three types of leaderhsip?
autocratic, democratic, free-rein
Here, leader command the followers and expects compliance from
them for all the instructions given, leaders are more dogmatic and positive. They lead by
his ability to withhold or give rewards or punishments. Here, no suggestions from the
followers are entertained and almost to-down approach is seen. They direct others. They
do not allow any participation
Autocratic Leadership
Here leaders consult subordinates and involve them in decision
making. They encourage discussion with the group leaders believes in two-way
communication. They listen to followers; try to facilitate the decision making.
Democratic Leadership
It exercises little authority and give maximum freedom to subordinates while making decisions. It is a bottom-up
approach. Suggestions from the followers are encourage and rewarded. They give high
degree of independence subordinates in their operations.
Free - Rein Leadership
It refers to the process with includes several
activities from providing safe products and services to giving apportion of the company‟s profit to welfare organizations
Social Responsibility
What are the 7 social responsibility? Reponsibility towards...
shareholders, consumers, employees, creditors, government, competitors, public
The business enterprise has the responsibility to
provide fair return on capital to the shareholders. The firm must provide them regular, accurate, and full information about the working of enterprise in order to fulfill and
encourage their interest in the affairs of the company.
Responsibility towards shareholders
The management has to provide quality products and
services to the customers at reasonable prices. It should consider customer suggestions
and also plan it services more effectively through consumer satisfaction survey
Responsibility towards consumers
Good working conditions motivate workers to
contribute their best it is the responsibility of the management recognize their unions and
respect their right to associate with a union of their choices.
Responsibility towards employees
The business has to repay the loans it has taken from the
financial institutions as per the repayment schedule also it should inform the creditors
about the developments in the company form time-to-time.
Responsibility towards creditors
The business firm has to pay its taxes and be fair in
its endeavours. It should also support the government in community development
projects.
Responsibility towards government
The business firm should always maintain the highest
ethical standards and maintain cordial relations with each of the competitors, which is a
critical and sensitive segment.
Responsibility towards competitors
Business units have tremendous responsibility towards the
general public to support the cause of community development. Most of the companies
maintain public relations departments exclusively to maintain good relations with the
community.
Responsibility towards public