Kin module 3 quiz
what is the grey matter in the brain
cell bodies, dendrites, axon terminals, areas of synaptic connections
what is white matter in the brain
axons, pathways between grey matter areas
what are peripheral nerves
a collection of many neurons, projections coming out of spinal cord
what are motor nerves
efferent neurons that control effectors such as skeletal muscles
what are sensory nerves
afferent neurons that detect stimuli and relay information to the CNS
what are neurons
receives information, processes information and an action potential is sent or an action potential is stopped from sending
what does a membrane potential cell do
they depolarize and repolarize, negative at rest
what is a synapse
a neuron interects with another neuron or another cell
what is a dendrite
regulate whether the neuron is turned on or turned off
what is the axon hillock
structure that decides whether an action potential is fired down an axon
what is an action potential
change in electrical potential that can travel along a cell membrane
what is a neurotransmitter
a chemical messenger that transmits a message between cells
3 steps in cell to cell communication
1. an action potential travelling down an axon terminal as an electrical signal
2. electrical signal is turned into chemical signal at axon terminal
3.chemical signal is turned back into electrical signal at the post synaptic neuron
what is bio potential
use electrodes to see the electric potential between two point, used during ECG, EMG and EEG
what is an EEG
neuronal activity is measured in central nervous system
what is a sacromere
sacromeres are made up of myofilaments in cardiac and skeletal muscle cells that help make up a muscle cell
muscle structure in order (5)
1. muscle cell 2. fascicle 3. muscle fiber 4. microfibrils 5. microfilaments
what is a cross bridge
actin and myosin attach and detach using ATP to generate force
what is the sliding filament theory
actin and myosin slide past each other and generate force in muscle contractions
what is a neuromuscular junctions
motor neuron reacts with skeletal muscle
neuromuscular activation, 4 steps
1. depolarization of a motor neuron (electrical)
2. neurotransmitter release at neuromuscular junction (chemical
3. depolarization of muscle (electrical)
4. cross bridge formation and sacromere shortening (mechanical)
stimulus - response (4)
1. stimulas is present
2. eyes detect light
afferent
3. neural information is processed in cns
efferent
4. effect is determined and muscles are activated
kinematics vs kinetics
kinetics is motion with force kinematics is without force
did you do force and moment practice questions?
no but im boutta
systole
contraction of heart
diastole
relaxation of heart
resist and bloodflow relastionship
as blood flow increases, resistance decreases so as blood flow increases, smooth muscles relax
PPG
uses a light source and a photdetector to measure amount of light reflected to determine changes in blood volume
VO2
bodys ability to take oxygen and deliver is to the body
tissue adaption
a stimulus causes stress to an organism which triggers a response that results in adaptation
activity vs inactivity of the met scale
U1.5 - 2.9 - 5.9. - 6+
basal metabolic rate
energy required in the fastest state, heart beating...
hyoertrophy
increase in muscle size
hyperplasia
increase in number of cells
satellite cells
responsible for muscle repair, regeneration, and for hypertrophic growth
neuroplasticity
nervous systems ability to change function
neurogenesis
the process of growing new neuron
synaptogenesis
synapses are created
Gilogenesis
new glial cells being made
measuring VO2
amount of oxygen inspired - amount of oxygen expired (L/min
BMR formula
10 x weight + 6.25 x height - 5 x age - 161 (females)
10 x weight + 6.25 height - 5 x age + 5 (male)
how to measure total daily energy expenditure
calculate BMR and then multiply by activity factor
cardiac muscle adaptation to exercise
aerobic training causes left ventricle to dialate
Resistance training causes hypertrophy (increase in size) in ventricular wall
vascular system adaptations in reposnse to aerobic exercise training
increased blood volume
nervouse system adaptability to exercise
increases brain health such as learning, memory, attention etc.
FITT-VP principle
frequency, intensity, time, type, volume, progression
osteoblast vs osteoclast
lifting heavy alters these components, octeoblasts build
mitochondrial biogenesis
primary adapter in response to aerobic training