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Bio quiz 1

Cell theory

1. All living things are made up of one or more cells and their products
2. The cell is the simplest unit that can carry out all life processes

3. All cells come from other cells; they do not come from non-living matter

key processes of cells

use energy
store materials

take materials from environment

get rid of wastes

reproduce

prokaryotic cells

Simplest organisms (often single celled), archaebacteria and bacteria, lack nucleus and other membrane bound organelles, older cells, flagella or cilia to move around

eukaryotic cells

more complex organisms (can be single celled, but often multicelled), protists, fungi, animals and plants, complex internal structure; has nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles, newer cells, 10-1000x larger than prokaryotic cells

cytoplasm

mostly water, all organelles are suspended in the cytoplasm, stores substances that the cell needs

cell membrane

flexibe double layer (semi permeable), supports the cell, allows some materials to enter in and out of the cell

nucleus

spherical, dense structure in cell, DNA (deoxyribonucleuc acid) is stored in chromosomes, contains genetic information that controls the cell's activities

mitochondria

organelle with a double membrane, the inner membrane is convoluted to increase surface area, powerhouse of the cell, undergoes cellular respiration, converts glucose to energy for the cell

Endoplasmic reticulum

Branching tubes that extend throughout the cytoplasm (from nuclear membrane to cell membrane), transports materials through the cell. Rough E.R has ribosomes attatches and helps with protein synthesis, and smooth E.R without ribosomes helps with sythesis of phospholipids and packaging proteins

ribosomes

contains two subunits, they synthesize proteins for the cell to use or ship out if cell, found in cytoplasm and rough E.R

Golgi bodies

tube-like structures, collect and process materials to be removed from the cell, make and secrete mucus

vacuoles

fluid filled sac composed of a single layer of membrane, contains substances that cell needs, contains waste before removal, maintains pressure in cell

vacuoles in plant cells

they help maintain water balance, and usually are only one large vacuole, instead of two small ones like in the animal cell, provide rigidity

cell wall

only in plant cells, work as a second membrane, provides extra strength

chloroplasts

only in plant cells, produce energy through photosythesis, and contain chlorophyll, which gives plants its green colour

Calculating total magnification for microscope

eyepiece ocular lens power x objective lens power

field of view calculations

Medium: field of view under low power/ratio

ratio: magnification high power/magnification medium power



High power: field of view under low power/ratio


Ratio: magnification high power/magnification low power

diffusion vs. osmosis

diffusion: solvent and solute particles move to equalize concentrations, no semipermeable membrane, in any state

osmosis: only solvent moves, movement is onky in a liquid and through a semipermeable membrane

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