Bio quiz 1
Cell theory
1. All living things are made up of one or more cells and their products
2. The cell is the simplest unit that can carry out all life processes
3. All cells come from other cells; they do not come from non-living matter
key processes of cells
use energy
store materials
take materials from environment
get rid of wastes
reproduce
prokaryotic cells
Simplest organisms (often single celled), archaebacteria and bacteria, lack nucleus and other membrane bound organelles, older cells, flagella or cilia to move around
eukaryotic cells
more complex organisms (can be single celled, but often multicelled), protists, fungi, animals and plants, complex internal structure; has nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles, newer cells, 10-1000x larger than prokaryotic cells
cytoplasm
mostly water, all organelles are suspended in the cytoplasm, stores substances that the cell needs
cell membrane
flexibe double layer (semi permeable), supports the cell, allows some materials to enter in and out of the cell
nucleus
spherical, dense structure in cell, DNA (deoxyribonucleuc acid) is stored in chromosomes, contains genetic information that controls the cell's activities
mitochondria
organelle with a double membrane, the inner membrane is convoluted to increase surface area, powerhouse of the cell, undergoes cellular respiration, converts glucose to energy for the cell
Endoplasmic reticulum
Branching tubes that extend throughout the cytoplasm (from nuclear membrane to cell membrane), transports materials through the cell. Rough E.R has ribosomes attatches and helps with protein synthesis, and smooth E.R without ribosomes helps with sythesis of phospholipids and packaging proteins
ribosomes
contains two subunits, they synthesize proteins for the cell to use or ship out if cell, found in cytoplasm and rough E.R
Golgi bodies
tube-like structures, collect and process materials to be removed from the cell, make and secrete mucus
vacuoles
fluid filled sac composed of a single layer of membrane, contains substances that cell needs, contains waste before removal, maintains pressure in cell
vacuoles in plant cells
they help maintain water balance, and usually are only one large vacuole, instead of two small ones like in the animal cell, provide rigidity
cell wall
only in plant cells, work as a second membrane, provides extra strength
chloroplasts
only in plant cells, produce energy through photosythesis, and contain chlorophyll, which gives plants its green colour
Calculating total magnification for microscope
eyepiece ocular lens power x objective lens power
field of view calculations
Medium: field of view under low power/ratio
ratio: magnification high power/magnification medium power
High power: field of view under low power/ratio
Ratio: magnification high power/magnification low power
diffusion vs. osmosis
diffusion: solvent and solute particles move to equalize concentrations, no semipermeable membrane, in any state
osmosis: only solvent moves, movement is onky in a liquid and through a semipermeable membrane