Chem: Chapter 6
.... : Substance dissolved
Solute
....: Liquid water
Solvent
.... ....: Ability of a solution to conduct electricity
Electrical conductivity
Solutions with high electrical conductivity are ... ...
strong electrolytes
Solutions with low electrical conductivity are ... ...
weak electrolytes
..... do not conduct electricity
Nonelectrolytes
Undergo ionization reactions to produce H+ ions
Strong acids
Represented in the aqueous form in equations
Strong acids
Completely dissociate into ions
Strong acids
Soluble ionic compounds that possess OH– ions
Strong bases
Bitter to taste
Strong bases
Slippery to touch
Strong bases
Substances that produce lesser ions when dissolved
Weak Electrolytes
Substances that do not produce any ions when dissolved
Nonelectrolytes
The addition of water to a concentrated solution in order
to achieve the desired molarity
Dilution
A reaction in which the mixing of two solutions results
in the formation of an insoluble substance which
separates from the solution
Precipitation Reaction
A ... ... ... represents as ions all
reactants and products that are strong electrolytes
complete ionic equation
Ions that do not participate directly are called ... ...
spectator ions
An acid is a ... ...
proton donor
A base is a ... ...
proton acceptor
Acid–base reactions are also called ... ...
neutralization reactions
... ... is used to determine the amount of
a certain substance by doing a titration
Volumetric analysis
... is the delivery of a measured volume of solution of known concentration into a solution containing the substance being analyzed
Titration
... ... or ... ... is the stage in
titration at which enough titrant has been added to react
exactly with the analyte
Equivalence point & stoichiometric point
An ... is a substance added at the beginning of the titration that changes color at the equivalence point
indicator
... is the stage where the indicator actually changes color
Endpoint
Reactions in which one or more electrons are transferred
Oxidation–Reduction Reactions (Redox Reactions)
Defined as imaginary charges that atoms would have if the shared electrons were divided equally between identical atoms bonded to one another
Oxidation States
... is an increase in oxidation state
... of electrons
Oxidation & loss
... is a decrease in oxidation state
... of electrons
Reduction & Gain