definitions
definition of the word allotrope
each of two or more different physical forms in which an element can exist. Graphite, charcoal, and diamond are all allotropes of carbon.
what does immiscible mean
(of liquids) not forming a homogeneous mixture when mixed
what is an amine
Amines are organic compounds that contain nitrogen atoms with a lone pair
what is combustion in chemistry
rapid chemical combination of a substance with oxygen, involving the production of heat and light
meaning of enthalpy change
An enthalpy change is approximately equal to the difference between the energy used to break bonds in a chemical reaction and the energy gained by the formation of new chemical bonds in the reaction. It describes the energy change of a system at constant pressure
meaning of the word enthalpy
Enthalpy is the measurement of energy in a thermodynamic system
what is an acid or a base
An acid is any hydrogen-containing substance that is capable of donating a proton (hydrogen ion) to another substance. A base is a molecule or ion able to accept a hydrogen ion from an acid
meaning of the word dimer
A structure containing two identical or similar units
hydration meaning
the process of combining a substance chemically with water molecules
what is free-radical substitution
the replacement of hydrogen atoms in a molecule by halogen atoms in a reaction which involves free radicals
there are three steps to free radical chain reactions: Initiation, Progation and termination in that order. What are the definitions of these words.
Initiation: the step which produces the free radicals from molecules
Progation: Steps which form products and more free radicals
Termination: steps which remove free radicals by turning them into molecules
what causes a chain reaction to occur
A chain reaction pccurs when a product in a reaction can react with a starting material so the reaction continues
what is a hydrocarbon
compounds made up of carbon and hydrogen only
what is a aliphatic hydrocarbon
aliphatic hydrocarbons have branched or unbranched chains of carbon atoms or rings of carbon atoms
what are aromatic hydrocarbons or arenes
aromatic hydrocarbons or arenes contain rings of carbon in which there are de-localised electrons
what are saturated compounds(in organic chemistry)
saturated compounds only have single bonds between atoms in there molecules