communication laws
refers to any distinction, exclusion, or restriction made based on socially constructed gender roles and norms that prevent a person, female or male, from enjoying full human rights.
Gender Discrimination
refers to the approach that recognizes that all development planning, policies, and projects must reflect gender sensitivity about and gender awareness of the different roles that men and women play in societies, differences in their access to and control over resources and the differential impacts of development processes on men and women.
Gender and Development (GAD)
refers to the ability to understand and consider the socio-cultural factors underlying gender-based discrimination, socialization of men and women into certain behaviors or opportunities, power relations between men and women, as well as the different needs, problems and levels of access to resources that they have.
Gender Sensitivity
refers to a condition where a whole category of people is excluded from useful and meaningful participation in political, economic, social, and cultural life.
Marginalization
Women and men should be portrayed in a wide range of roles, both traditional and non-traditional, in paid work, social, family, and leisure activities.
PORTRAYAL
Gender-fair language (GFL) is important because it helps reduce gender discrimination and stereotyping. It also helps promote gender equality and social change.
GENDER-FAIR LANGUAGE
GFL helps to eliminate the idea that men and women are inherently different and should be treated differently
How it helps:
Reduces gender stereotyping
GFL helps to create a more inclusive society by giving women and other genders equal visibility.
Promotes gender equality
Language can influence how people think and act, so GFL can help to change negative perceptions of gender.
Shapes attitudes and behaviors
GFL helps people to focus on what someone does, rather than their gender
Focuses on people, not gender -
The right to report news or circulate opinion without censorship from the government - was considered as “one of the great bulwarks of liberty”.
FREEDOM OF THE PRESS
Protecting freedom of the press was adopted on December 15, 1791 as part of the bill of rights.
The bill of rights provides constitutional protection for certain individual liberties, including freedom of the press, freedom of speech, freedom of religion and the right to assemble and petition the government.
FIRST AMENDMENT
Before the thirteen colonies declared independence from Great Britain, the British government attempted to censor American media by prohibiting newspapers from publishing unfavorable information and opinions.
ORIGINS OF THE PRESS
The Philippines' press system evolved through a history of the Spanish colonization revolution, American colonization, the Commonwealth, independence, postwar economy and politics, martial law and the Marcos dictatorship, and finally the Aquino government.
THE PHILIPPINES' PRESS SYSTEM 1811 - 1989
The Spanish period started in 1521 and ended in 1900.
Crispin Maslog in his Philippine mass communication, a mini-history stated that though the written works under this era were produced by the Spaniards and were written in spanish as a tool to epitomize their powerful colonial rule over their colonies, this was still the period that marked the foundation of a press in our country — a press that we will someday call our own.
THE PHILIPPINES' PRESS DURING THE SPANISH ERA
It was in 1521 when “Ancient” kinds of mass media like Cenaculo, Patores, Pasyon, Awit Corido, and Balagtasan flourished in the country.
FLOURISHING MASS MEDIA IN THE PHILIPPINES
Printing was introduced in the country and was spearheaded by the religious orders. The first printing press run by hand was introduced in the University of Sto. Tomas. A colonial policy arose and dictated that before being printed and sold books must receive the approval of the bishop and the audiencia, the highest tribunal of justice.
INTRODUCTION OF PRINTING AND COLONIAL POLICY
The first book printed in the Philippines was chiseled on blocks of wood in 1593. This book contained teachings of the Roman Catholic Church
DOCTRINA CHRISTIANA
Released in 1637 and was translated as "Fortunate Events" since it was the first Philippine newsletter that reported about the battles won by the Spaniards.
This was printed by Thomas Pinpin, "The Father of Filipino Printing."
SUCESOS FELICES
Reform and national consciousness movement that arose among young Filipino expatriates in the late 19th century. Although its adherents expressed loyalty to the Spanish colonial government,
Spanish authorities harshly repressed the movement and executed its most prominent member, José Rizal.
encompassed the activities of a group of Filipinos who called for political reforms in their land in the late 19th century, and produced books, leaflets, and newspaper articles to educate others about their goals and issues they were trying to solve. They were active approximately from 1880 to 1898, and especially between 1880 and 1895, before the Philippine Revolution began.
The Propaganda Movement
Prominent members included
José Rizal, author of novels Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, and essays; Graciano López Jaena, publisher of La Solidaridad, the movement's principal organ; Mariano Ponce, the organization's secretary, and Marcelo H. Del Pilar.
What is Communication Protocol?
Communication protocols are formal descriptions of digital message formats and rules. They are required to exchange messages in or between computing systems. Communication protocols are important in telecommunications systems and other systems because they create consistency and universality for the sending and receiving of messages.