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GEN-PSYC Test #5

Motivation

need or desire that energizes behavior

Instinct

complex behavior that is unlearned with a fixed pattern

Homeostasis

balanced, constant internal state

Incentive

positive/negative stimulus that motivates behavior

Arousal Theory

focuses on finding the right level of stimulation

Belonging

a central human motivation to form close, enduring relationships

Ostracism

deliberate social exclusion of individuals or groups (to experience ostracism is to experience real pain)

When someone experiences ________, it elicits increased activity in the brain area that activate when one experiences _______ pain. ________, we experience ________ pain with the same emotional unpleasantness that marks _______ pain.

1. ocstracism, 2. physical, 3. psychologically, 4. social, 5. psysical

Postive Social Effects of Social Networking

-Supportive connection
-Provides information

Negative Social Effects of Social Networking

-time + attention sucking distraction
-interfere w/ sleep

-interferes w/ exersize

-interferes w/ face-to-face relationships

-FOMO-Fear Of Missing Out

-Tendancy to compare self w/ others

-Promotes narcissisim- exessive self love + self absorption

-Exessive time online = lower grades

Glucose

blood sugar that provides energy for the body

Insuline

hormone secreted by pancreas that influences appetite

Basal Metibolic Rate

the body's resting rate of energy expenditure

___ glucose level + _____ insulin levels = __________

1. Lower 2. Higher 3. Hunger

Situational Influences on Eating

Serveing size is significant (portion size matters)

Obesity

BMI (Body Mass Index) of 30 or more

Anorexia

person is significantly underweight yet feels fat, starving oneself to dangerously low levels

Bulimia

repeated binge/purge episodes by overeating following vomiting or use of laxatives

Emotions involve a mixture of

-Physiology
-Expression

-Conscious experience

Physiology

Autonomic Nervous System controls Phsyiological Arousal

Sympathetic NS division

Arousing- (speed up)
Eyes: Pupils open wider (dilate)

Salivation: Decreases

Skin: Perspires

Respiration (breatheing): Increases

Heart: Speeds up

Digestion: Slows

Adrenal Glands: Increased stress hormones

Immune system functioning: Reduced

Parasympathetic NS division

Calming- (slows down)
Eyes: Pupils get smaller (contract)

Salivation: Increases

Skin: Dries

Respiration: Decreases

Heart: Slows

Digestion: Speeds up

Adrenal Glands: Decreased stress hormones

Immune System Functioning: Enhanced

Flight/Fight

Sympathetic NS
AROUSAL

Tend/Befriend

Sympathic NS
-GIVE + SEEK SUPPORT (women)

-Men usually withdraw during stress- workout, drive, etc.

Rest/Digest

Parasympathetic NS
CALMING

Theories of Emotion- James + Lang

We feel emotion after our body's response

Theories of Emotion- Cannon + Bard

we feel emotion when our bodies respond (simultaneously)

Theories of Emotion- Schachter-Singer

one must be physically aroused + cognitively label the arousal

Anger- A short ______ that carries the ______ away and can be many times more _______ than the _______ that caused it.

1. madness 2. mind 3. hurtful 4. injury

Stress

process by which we appraise + respond to threatening/challenging events

Appraise/appraisal

To think something over/evaluate

Stressors

things that push our buttons- a challenge or event

Stress reactions

physical + emotional responses

Stress appraisal

a psychological filter through which we perceive events in life

3 Types of Stressors- Catasrophes

unpredictable large-scale events
-flood

-wildfire

-hurricane

-affects many people

3 Types of Stressors- Significant changes

life transitions
-divorce

-marriage

-begining college

3 Types of Stressors- Daily hassles

everday annoyances
-slow drivers in fast lane

-phone battery dies

-forget lunch

Hans Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)

1. Alarm Reaction- Mobilize resources
2. Resistance- Cope w/ stress

3. Exhaustion- Reserves are depleted

Stress leads to

1. increased vonerability to getting sick
2. unhealthy behaviors

-poor diet

-decreased exersize

3. risky decisions

Psychoneuroimmunology

the study of how psycological, neurological, + endocrine processes work together to affect the immune system

Social psychology

the scientific study of how individuals think about, influence, + relate to one another

An attribution

mental process people use to explain their behavior or the behavior of others

Attribution theory

explaining one's behavior attributing it to internal dispositions or external situations

Fundamental Attribution Error

when analyzing other's behaviors, the tendancy to overestimate their personality traits and underestimate the impact of the situation

Attitudes

beliefs + feelings that predispose our reactions to objects, people, + events + guide our behavior
*ATTITUDES AFFECT ACTIONS*

Foot in the Door Phenomeon

tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request

Social Norms

rules for socially accepted + expected behavior

Conformity

adjusting our behavior or thinking to coincide w/ a group or standard

Chameleon Effect

unconsiously imitating other's expressions, postures, + voice tones

Mood Linkage

tendency to absorb + participate in the prevailing mood of people around

Social Facilitation

improved performance on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others

Social Loafing

tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward a common goal, than when individually accountable

Deindividuation

the loss of self awareness + self-restraint when in group situations that foster arousal + anonymity

Group Polarization

strengthening a group's preexisting attitudes through discussions within the group

Group Think

occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives

Prejudice

an unjustifiable (usually negative) attitude toward a group + its' memebers

Bystander Effect

tendancy for an observer of an emergency to withhold aid if the emergency is being observed by several other people

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