History
what is a crime
activity which breaks the law
what is poaching
illegal hunting
which king started the idea of laws being written down?
Henry II
Give an example of a crime against the person
murder, assault, public disorder
what percentage if land became the royal forest?
30%
Which king introduced forest laws?
William I
what was a hundred?
an area of land
What was the hue and cry?
shouting to let others know a crime was happening
Give an example of law endorcement the Normans kept from the Anglo-Saxons.
Tithings, hue and cry, court system, community
Give an example of a new type of law enforcement the Normans introduced.
Trial by combat, Foresters
What was a parish constable
A volunteer nominated by the community- 1 year
What happened if a jury couldnt reach a verdict?
Trial by Ordeal or Combat
What year were trial by combat abolished?
1215
What was a capital punishment?
killing the criminal
What was a corporal punishment?
physically hurting someone
What does retribution mean?
Making criminals suffer
What was wergild?
compensation to victim or victims family
Give an example of a medival pubishment?
Fines, stocks, maiming, flogging, hanging, beheading
Who used capital punishments more Anglo-Saxons or Normans?
Normans
What 3 periods can the medival period be further divided into?
Anglo-Saxon, Norman and later medival
What was benefit of clergy?
Reading a passage from the bible so you could get tried by Church court
What was sanctuary?
Certain churches where you couldn’t be arrested – agree to go to court or leave country
How many days did a person have to leave the country if they claimed sanctuary?
40
What was trial by water?
If you sank you were innocent, if you float you were guilty
In trial by hot water and iron, how did they decide if you were guilty?
If you didnt heal well
What does Heresy mean?
Having different religious beliefs to official religion of country
What does high treason mean?
Plotting or acting to overthrow or harm the ruler/country
Why was heresy such a problem during this period?
Religion kept changing
What are the dates of Early Modern England?
1500-1700
Which 2 royal families ruled during this time?
Tudors and Stuarts
What is a vagabond/vagrant?
Homeless unemployed person
Why was there an increase in vagrants?
Increase in pop, fall in wages, rise in food prices and no monasteries to help
What is smuggling?
Bringing goods into country secretly to avoid paying import tax and sell it on
What were the Poor Laws?
Deserving poor given help and undeserving poor whipped, branded or sent to correction house
A police force was introduced during this time – True or False?
false
The Hue and Cry still existed – True or False?
True
What did James I do to the idea of sanctuary?
Abolished it
What does secular mean?
Non-religious
How did Benefit of the Clergy change?
Henry VII – only get it once and Edward VI made serious crimes exempt from it
Give 3 types of punishment which continued
Fines, pillory, stocks, hanging, flogging, maiming, burning
What was the Bloody Code?
List of crimes punishably by death
Where were criminals transported to during this time?
North America
Why did transportation become a punishment?
To lower pop, build America, new idea to rehabilitate
Why did the gunpowder plotters want to blow up parliament?
Kill James I for treatment of Catholics
What year was the plot?
1605
What was their punishment?
Tortured – rack
Hung, drawn and quartered
Why did they receive such a harsh punishment?
The most serious crime possible, no police force, deter other Catholics, political instability
What years were the Witch Hunts?
1645-7
Give 3 reasons for the intensity of the Witch Hunts.
Economic probs, social changes, breakdown in law and order, religious change, individuals – James I, Matthew Hopkins
What other big event was going on at the same time as the witch hunts?
English Civil War