CHAPTER 3: TYPICAL SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY (PART 3)
Refers to a REVELATION revelation by IMMENSE ILLUMINATION and a SENSE of BEING CHOSEN TO LEAD
Noesis
What is "UNIO MYSTICA"?
A feeling of mystic unity with an infinite power
What is a SOMATIC HALLUCINATION?
A false sensation occurring inside or to the body
Refers to a FALSE PERCEPTION involving TOUCH, such as FORMICATION
Tactile (Haptic) Hallucination
What is a GUSTATORY HALLUCINATION?
A false perception of taste
What is an OLFACTORY HALLUCINATION?
A false perception of smell
What is a VISUAL HALLUCINATION?
A false perception involving sight, such as formed or unformed images
What is an AUDITORY HALLUCINATION?
A false perception of sound, usually voices
Refers to a FALSE SENSORY PERCEPTION occurring while AWAKENING from SLEEP
Hypnopompic Hallucination
Refers to a FALSE SENSORY PERCEPTION occurring while FALLING ASLEEP
Hypnagogic Hallucination
What is a HALLUCINATION?
A false sensory perception not associated with real external stimuli
What is PERCEPTION?
A mental process by which sensory stimuli are brought to awareness
Refers to a MISPERCEPTION of REAL EXTERNAL SENSORY STIMULI
Illusion
What is the TRAILING PHENOMENON?
A perceptual abnormality where moving objects are seen as discrete, discontinuous images
Which of the following is an example of SYNESTHESIA?
Seeing colors when hearing music
What is SYNESTHESIA?
A sensation or hallucination caused by another sensation
What is HALLUCINOSIS?
Hallucinations associated with alcohol abuse within a clear sensorium
Which of the following is an example of a mood-incongruent hallucination?
A depressed patient hearing voices about unrelated themes
Refers to a HALLUCINATION whose CONTENT is NOT RELATED to the PATIENT’S MOOD
Mood-incongruent Hallucination
What is a LILLIPUTIAN HALLUCINATION?
A false perception where objects are seen as reduced in size
What are disturbances associated with conversion and dissociative phenomena?
Physical symptoms and distortions involving voluntary muscles and special sense organs that are not explained by physical disorders
Characterized by INABILITY to RECOGNIZE MULTIPLE VISUAL ELEMENTS at ONCE
Simultagnosia
Characterized by INABILITY to PERFORM RAPID ALTERNATING MOVEMENTS
Adiadochokinesia
Characterized by INABILITY to CARRY OUT SPECIFIC TASKS
Apraxia
Refers to INABILITY to RECOGNIZE FAMILIAR FACES
Prosopagnosia
INABILITY to RECOGNIZE OBJECTS by TOUCH
Astereogenesis
Inability to RECOGNIZE OBJECTS or PERSONS by SIGHT
Visual Agnosia
Inability to RECOGNIZE a BODY PART AS ONE’S OWN
Somatopagnosia
Inability to RECOGNIZE a NEUROLOGICAL DEFICIT as OCCURRING to ONESELF
Anosognosia
Inability to RECOGNIZE and INTERPRET the SIGNIFICANCE of SENSORY IMPRESSIONS
Agnosia
What is DISSOCIATION?
Unconscious defense mechanism involving separation of mental processes
What is MULTIPLE PERSONALITY (DISSOCIATIVE IDENTITY DISORDER)?
A condition where an individual shifts between two or more entirely different identities
What is a FUGUE?
Taking on a new identity with amnesia for the old identity
What is DEREALIZATION?
A subjective sense that the environment feels strange or unreal
Refers to subjective sense of BEING DETACHED FROM ONE’S IDENTITY
Depersonalization
What is MICROPSIA?
Objects appear smaller than they are
What is MACROPSIA?
The perception that objects seem larger than they are
What is HYSTERICAL ANESTHESIA?
Loss of sensation due to emotional conflicts
What are DISTURBANCES ASSOCIATED with CONVERSION and DISSOCIATIVE PHENOMENA?
Physical symptoms and distortions involving voluntary muscles or special sense organs, not explained by physical disorders
it is called DISSOCIATIVE IDENTITY DISORDER in the FOURTH EDITION of DIAGNOSTIC and STATISTICAL MANUAL of MENTAL DISORDERS [DSM-IV
Multiple personality
What is MEMORY?
The process by which information is encoded, stored, and later retrieved
What does AMNESIA refer to?
A partial or total inability to recall past experiences
What does the term "AMNĒSIĀ" mean in GREEK?
Forgetfulness
Which of the following refers to a DIFFICULTY in LEARNING NEW INFORMATION or REMEMBERING THE PAST?
Amnesia
What is the difference between ORGANIC/NEUROLOGICAL and FUNCTIONAL/PSYCHOGENIC AMNESIA?
Organic is caused by physical brain damage, while functional is psychological in nature
Refers to LOSS of DECLARATIVE MEMORY
ORGANIC/NEUROLOGICAL AMNESIA
What does DECLARATIVE MEMORY refer to?
The conscious knowledge of facts and events
Which type of memory involves REMEMBERING SPECIFIC FACTS and EVENTS?
Declarative memory
What is the primary FUNCTION of MEMORY?
To store and recall information
What is a potential CAUSE of ORGANIC AMNESIA?
Neurodegenerative diseases
used to TREAT SEVERE DEPRESSION, and ALCOHOL ABUSE causing THIAMINE DEFICIENCY
Electroconvulsive therapy ECT
It is the INABILITY to FORM NEW MEMORIES after the onset of an illness
Anterograde amnesia
Was introduced by a German psychiatrist, EMIL KRAEPELIN in 1886 TO DENOTE ERRORS OF MEMORY
Paramnesia
It is a FALSIFICATION of MEMORY by DISTORTION OF RECALL
Paramnesia
What does DÉJÀ ENTENDU refer to?
The illusion that something heard feels like it was heard before, even though the details are unclear
What is DÉJÀ VU?
The illusion of visual recognition where a new situation feels like a repetition of a previous memory
What is the meaning of DÉJÀ PENSÉ?
The illusion that a new thought feels like a repetition of a previously expressed thought
What is JAMAIS VU?
The experience of not recognizing a familiar person, word, or place, despite knowing them
What is RETROSPECTIVE FALSIFICATION?
The distortion of memory based on present emotional or cognitive states
What is CONFABULATION?
The unconscious filling of gaps in memory with fabricated or untrue experiences
What is FALSE MEMORY?
A recollection of an event or details of an event that did not actually occur
What does HYPERAMNESIA refer to?
The exaggeration of memory retention and recall
What is an EIDETIC IMAGE?
The ability to recall memories in extreme detail, almost like seeing them again
What is a SCREEN MEMORY?
A tolerable memory that serves as a cover for a painful or traumatic one
What is REPRESSION?
A defense mechanism characterized by unconscious forgetting of unacceptable ideas or impulses
What is LETHOLOGICA?
Temporary inability to remember a name or proper noun
What is a BLACKOUT, as it RELATES to ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION?
A state of amnesia experienced by alcoholics about their behavior during drinking bouts
What does IMMEDIATE MEMORY refer to?
Reproduction or recall of perceived material within seconds to minutes
What is REMOTE MEMORY?
The ability to remember things that happened years ago
RECALL of events OVER PAST FEW DAYS it has the ability to REMEMBER INFORMATION FROM HOURS, or DAYS AGO.
Recent memory
RECALL of events OVER PAST FEW MONTHS
Recent past
What is the definition of INTELLIGENCE?
The ability to understand, recall, mobilize, and constructively integrate previous learning in meeting new situations
Which of the following is an example of an INTELLIGENCE TEST?
Stanford-Binet IQ Test
What is DEMENTIA characterized by?
Global deterioration of intellectual functioning without clouding of consciousness
What is DYSCALCULIA?
Loss of ability to do calculations
What is DYSGRAPHIA
Loss of ability to write in cursive style and word structure
What does PSEUDODEMENTIA refer to?
Dementia that is not caused by an organic condition but resembles dementia, often due to depression
What is DYSLEXIA?
A learning disability affecting reading fluency and comprehension accuracy
How does PSEUDODEMENTIA typically DIFFER from TRUE DEMENTIA in terms of onset?
Pseudodementia has a short and abrupt onset
When TESTED for memory, how does a person with PSEUDODEMENTIA TYPICALLY RESPOND?
They typically respond with "I don't know"
What characterizes ABSTRACT THINKING?
Multi-dimensional thinking with the ability to use metaphors and hypotheses