chapter-8 edited
1. _____ means the project’s processes and products meet written specifications.
a. Conformance to requirements
2. _____ means that a product can be used as it was intended.
b. Fitness for use
3. Process improvement plan, quality metrics, and quality checklists are the outputs of the __________ process of project quality management.
b. planning quality management
4. A _______ is a standard of measurement in quality management.
b. metric
5. The process ______ is often associated with the technical tools and techniques of quality management, such as Pareto charts, quality control charts, and statistical sampling.
d. quality control
6. Performing quality assurance is a subprocess of the ______ process of project quality management.
d. executing
7. Validated changes and validated deliverables are the outputs of the _______subprocess of project quality management.
c. monitoring and controlling
8. ______ is a technique that helps identify which variables have the most influence on the overall outcome of a process.
a. Design of experiments
9. ____ is the degree to which a system performs its intended function.
d. Functionality
10. _____ are the system’s special characteristics that appeal to users.
a. Features
11. ______ addresses how well a product or service performs the customer’s intended use.
b. Performance
12. _______ is the ability of a product or service to perform as expected under normal conditions.
a. Reliability
13. _____ addresses the ease of performing maintenance on a product.
c. Maintainability
14. _____ generates ideas for quality improvements by comparing specific project practices or product characteristics to those of other projects or products within or outside the performing organization.
d. Benchmarking
15. ______ refers to action taken to bring rejected items into compliance with product requirements or specifications or other stakeholder expectations.
b. Rework
16. ______ correct(s) or prevent(s) further quality problems based on quality control measurements.
a. Process adjustments
17. A _______ is a graphic display of data that illustrates the results of a process over time.
d. control chart
18. ______ help users to identify the vital few contributors that account for most quality problems in a system.
b. Pareto charts
19. ______ involves choosing part of a population of interest for inspection.
a. Statistical sampling
20. Six Sigma’s target for perfection is the achievement of no more than _____ defects, errors, or mistakes per million opportunities.
b. 3.4
21. Projects that use Six Sigma principles for quality control normally follow a five-phase improvement process called _______.
a. DMAIC
22. Important tools used in the _______ phase of the DMAIC process include a project charter, a description of customer requirements, process maps, and Voice of the Customer (VOC) dat
a. define
23. An important tool used in the _____ phase of the DMAIC process is the fishbone or Ishikawa diagram.
c. analyze
24. A _____ is a bell-shaped curve that is symmetrical regarding the average value of the population (the data being analyzed).
b. normal distribution
25. A(n) _____ is any instance where the product or service fails to meet customer requirements.
a. defect
26. The ________ is a measure of quality control equal to 1 fault in 1 million opportunities problems.
b. six 9s of quality rule
27. A(n) ______ is done to test each individual component (often a program) to ensure that it is as defect-free as possible.
b. unit test
28. ______ is an independent test performed by end users prior to accepting the delivered system.
c. User acceptance testing
29. Which of the following is one of Deming’s 14 Points for Management?
d. Eliminate the annual rating or merit system.
30. One of Juran’s ten steps to quality improvement states that:
c. an organization should build awareness of the need and opportunity for improvement.
31. _____ wrote Quality Is Free in 1979 and is best known for suggesting that organizations strive for zero defects.
c. Crosby
32. _____, a quality system standard is a three-part, continuous cycle of planning, controlling, and documenting quality in an organization.
b. ISO 9000
33. _______ is the cost of evaluating processes and their outputs to ensure that a project is error-free or within an acceptable error range.
b. Appraisal cost
34. _____ is a cost that relates to all errors not detected and not corrected before delivery to the customer.
d. External failure cost
35. ______ helps integrate traditionally separate organizational functions, set process improvement goals and priorities, provide guidance for quality processes, and provide a point of reference for appraising current processes.
d. CMMI