Biology Ch 1
Name 2 types of Eukaryotic cell
Animal, plant, Fungi
What type of cell is bacteria?
prokaryotic
Where is DNA found in plant and animal cell?
Nucleus
What is the function of the cell membrane?
Controls the movement of substances in and out the cell
What is the function of mitochondria?
Site of respiration to transfer energy for the cell
What is the function of chloroplasts?
contain chlorophyll to absorb light energy for
photosynthesis
What is the function of ribosomes?
enable production of proteins (protein synthesis)
What is the function of the cell wall?
strengthens and supports the cell
What is the structure of the main genetic material in
a prokaryotic cell?
single loop of DNA
How are electron microscopes different to light
microscopes?
electron microscopes use beams of electrons instead
of light, cannot be used to view living samples, are
much more expensive, and have a much higher
magnification and resolution
What is the function of a red blood cell?
carries oxygen around the body
Give three adaptations of a red blood cell.
no nucleus, contains a red pigment called
haemoglobin, and has a bi-concave disc shape
What is the function of a nerve cell?
carries electrical impulses around the body
What is the function of a palisade cell?
carries out photosynthesis in a leaf
What is diffusion?
net movement of particles from an area of high
concentration to an area of low concentration along a
concentration gradient – this is a passive process (does
not require energy from respiration)
Name three factors that affect the rate of diffusion
concentration gradient, temperature, membrane
surface area
How are the lungs adapted for efficient
gas exchange?
alveoli – large surface area
• moist membranes – increases rate of diffusion
• one-cell-thick membranes – short diffusion pathway
• good blood supply – maintains a steep concentration
gradient
What is osmosis?
diffusion of water from a dilute solution to a
concentrated solution through a partially permeable
membrane
What is active transport?
movement of particles against a concentration
gradient – from a dilute solution to a more
concentrated solution – using energy from respiration