Medical Terminology - integumentary
largest organ in the body
integument or skin
what makes the integumentary system
skin and accessory structures
what are accessory organs or structure
hair, nails, and glands
what are the two types of glands
sebaceous glands (oil) and sudoriferous glands (sweat)
agent that stimulates development of male characteristics
androgen
very small duct
duct-ule = ductule
state of equilibrium in the body
homeostasis
homeo?
same or alike
stasis?
standing still
forming complex substances with simpler compunds
synthesize
what vitamin does the skin synthesize?
D
What are the functions of the skin
protects the body against ultraviolet rays, regulates body temperature, preventing dehydration.
how many layers does a skin have
2 - epidermis and dermis
is relatively thin over most area but is thickest on the hands and feet
epidermis
sublayers of epidermis
strata, stratum corneum, basal layer
composed of dead flat cells and lacks blood supply nd sensory receptors
stratum corneum
only layer of epidermis that is compose of living cells and where new cells can be formed
basal layer
hart protein material
keratin
it prvents body fluid from leaving the body
keratin
how long does the process of new skin cell takes?
1 month
produces black pigment called melanin
melanocyte
provides a protective barrier from the suns UV rays
melanin
an individual who can not produce melanin
albino
what is the second layer of the skin
dermis
other term for dermis
corium
it is composed of living tissue and contains numrous capillaries
dermis
it binds the dermis to underlying structures
hypodermis or subcutaneous layer
what composes hypodermis?
loose connective tissue and adipose tissue interlased with blood vessels
functions of subcutaneous layer
stores fats, insulates and cushions the body, and regulates temperature
what is exocrine glands
secrete substances through ducts
it is the oily secretion from the cells that disintegrated
sebum
parts of the body with no hair
lips, nipples, palms,feet, external genitalia
visible part of the hair
hair shaft
hair part that is embedded in the dermis
hair root
root with the coverings
hair follicle
a loop of capillaries at the bottom of the hair follicle
papilla/e
protects the tips of the fingers and toes
nails
where nails are formed
nail root
composed of keratinized, stratified, squamous epithelial ells producing a very tough covering
nails
where the nails slides
nailbed
half moon shaped area on the nail
lunula
region of the nail where the growth occurs
lunula
adip/o
fat
lip/o
fat
steat/o
fat
osis
abnormal condition
oma
tumor
itis
inflammation
cutane/o
skin
dermat/o
skin
derm/o
skin
sub
under or below
-ous
pertaining to
plasty
surgical repair
hypo-
under, below, deficient
-ic
pertaining to
hindr/o
sweat
sudor/o
sweat
WR aden
gland
-esis
condition
ichthy/o
dry, scaly
kerat/o
horny tissue, hard, cornea
melan/o
black
myc/o
fungus
onych/o
nail
malacia
softening
ungu/o
nail
pil/o
hair
trich/o
hair
WR nid
nest
path/o
disease
scler/o
hardening; sclera (white thing)
seb/o
sebum or sebaceous
-rrhea
discharge or flow
squam/o
scale
-ous
pertaining to
xen/o
foreign or strange
-graft
transplantation
xer/o
dry
-cyte
cell
-derma
skin
py/o
pus
-logist
specialist of the study of
-logy
study of
-therapy
treatment
cry/o
cold
area of tissue that have been pathologically altered by injury, wound, or infection
lesions
lesions can be?
systemic or localized
initial reaction to pathologically altered tissue and may be flat or elevated
primary skin lesions
are changes that take place in the primary lesion as a result of infection, scrathcing, trauma, or various stages of a disease
secondary skin lesion
how are lesions described?
appearance, color, location, and size cm
flat, pigmented, circumscribed area less than 1cm
macule
solid, elevated lesions >1 cm in diameter. can be pigmented
papule
palpable, circumscribed lesion. larger than papule >2. extends into the dermal
nodule
solid, elevated lesion larger than 2 cm. extends until subcutaneous layer
tumor
elevated, firm, rounded lesion with localized skin edema.
wheal
elevated, circumscribed fluid filled lesion >.5cm
vesicle
small, raised lesions that has pus
Pustule
a vesicle lr blister larger than 1 cm
bulla
linear scrath marks or traumatized abrasion of the epidermis
excoriations
small slit or cracklike sore
fissure
open sore that extends to the dermis. usually heals with scarring
ulcer
least serious type of burns. only the top layer of the skin is injured
First-degree burns
contact with dry or moist heat
thermal burn
skin redness
erythema
acute sensitivity to stimuli such as heat
hyperthesia
deep burns that damage the epiderms and part of the dermis
second-degree burns
a burn in wch epidermis, dermis, and some connective tissue are destroyed
third-degree burns
skin grafting dermatoplasty
skin graftng
formula used to estimate the percentage of adult surface body area? used by assigning 9% or 18% to specific regions
Rule of nines
abnormal growths of new tissue that are classified as benign or malignant
neoplasm
are noncancerous growths composed of the same type of cells of the tissue where they are growing
Benign neoplasm
are composed of cells that tend to become invasive and metastasize
malignant neoplasm or cancer
kinds of cancer treatment
surgery, chemotherapy, immunotherapy and radiation therapy
newer treatment that uses the body's immune system to fight tumor cells
immunotherapy or biotherapy
specialist of diseases
pathologist
a process in which a cells from tumor site is evaluated and compared to normal tissue
tumor grading or grading
type of tumor in which the cells closely resemble the tissue of origin
Grade 1 tumor
type of tumor with less resemblance and more variation in size and shape
Grade II
tumor cells are poorly differenciated and has abnormality in appearance
Grade III
tumor in which determining the origin tissue is difficult and has abnormal appearance
Grade IV
most common system used for staging tumors
tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) system
T in TNM is?
refers to the size and invasiveness of the tumor
N in TNM
area lymph nodes involved
M in TNM
invasiveness of the primary tumor
The higher the number of the tumor, the greater is the extent or spread of the malignancy, true or false?
true
most common type of skin cancer
basal cell carcinoma
is a malignancy of the basal layer of the epidermis, or hair follicles. locally invasive and rarely metastasize.
basal cell carcinoma
arise from the skin that undergoes pathological hardening or keratinizing of epidermal cells
Squamous cell carcinoma
invasive tumor with potential for metastasis and occurs most commonly in fair skinned white men over 60
Squamous cell carcinoma
cancer-causing agents
carcinoma
2 types of squamous cell carcinoma
insitu - confined in the site
invasive - penetrates the surrounding tissue
malignant growth of melanocytes
malignant melanoma
tumor that is highly metastatic and most lethal of the skin cancers
malignant melanoma
localized collection of pus at the site of infection
abscess
localized abscess in the hair follicle
furuncle
cluster of furuncles in the subcutaneous tissue forms what?
carbuncle
inflammatory disease of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles of the skin. may include blackheads (comedos) and cysts
acne or acne vulgaris
baldness of the partial or complete loss of hair resulting from normal aging, endocrine disorder, drug, anticancer medications, or skin disease
alopecia
early form of skin cancer
bowen disease
characterized by a red, scaly patch and also called squamous cell carci in situ
bowen disease
diffuse acute infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue
cellulitis
pigmentary skin discoloration, usually in yellowish-brown patches
chloasma
small skin lesion of acne vulgaris caused by accumulation of keratin, bacteria, and dried sebum blocking a duct of the skin
comedo
closed form of comedo, have papule which contents are not expressed
whitehead
inflammation or skin deterioration caused by prolonged pressure from staying in one position
decubitus ulcer or pressure ulcer
skin discoloration consisting of large irregularly formed hemorrhagic area of bluish black to greenish brown or yellow
ecchymosis or bruise
chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized with erythema and accompanied by intense itching
eczema or atopic dermatitis
occurs usually in infancy and childhood
eczema
redness of the skin because of the capillary swelling
erythema
dead matter from the surface of the skin
eschar
bacterial skin infection with isolated pustules that become crusted and rupture
impetigo
thickened area of the epidermis or horny growth (callus or wart)
keratosis
small brown macules on the face and arms because of the sun exposure
lentigo
unnatural paleness
pallor
lice infestation
pediculosis
minute hemorrhage under the skin
petechia
intense itching
pruritus
skin disease with itchy red patches covered by thick, dry, silvery scales
psoriasis
hemorrhage into the tissues or beneath the skin producing ecchymoses or petechiae
purpura
skin disease transmitted by itch mite through sexual contact
scabies
fungal skin infection with name indicates the body opart affected
tinea or ringworm
example of tinea
tinea pedis - athlete's foot
tinea corporis - body
allergic reaction characterized by the eruption of pale red, elevated patches called wheals or hives
urticaria
warts or the epidermal growth caused by virus
verruca
localized loss of skin pigmentation or milk white patches
vitiligo
a test in which an allergen is applied or injected into the skin to test the patient's sensitivity
allergy skin test
how is the intensity of response of allergy skin test determined
wheal-and-flare reaction
skin test that identifies suspected allergens by subcutaneously injecting small amounts of extracts of the allergens
intradermal skin test
intradermal skin test help determine immunity to which diseases?
diphtheria and tuberculosis
skin test that is done by applying the allergen to a patch, and then taped on the skin (forearm) and observed 24 hours later
patch skin test
skin test in which a small quantity of allergen on a lightly scratched area of the skin. can be called a puncture or prick test
scratch skin test
a laboratory test that determines the presence of pathogen in suspected wound infections and identifies the drug therapy that the organism responds
culture & sensitivity (C&S)
a tissue sample removed from the body site for microscopic examination
biopsy
helps establish a diagnosis, estimate prognosis, or follow the course of the disease
skin biopsies
Ultra-thin slice of tissue from a frozen specimen for pathological examination
frozen section (FS)
used for rapid diagnosis of malignancy
frozen section
removal of small tissues sample using a hollow needle attached to a syringe
needle
removal of a small core of tissue using a hollow punch
punch
removal of elevated lesions using a surgical blade
shave
a procedure involving the progressive removal and examination of layers of cancer-containing skin until nothing is left. also called micrographic surgery
mohs
transplantation of a healthy tissue to an injured site
skin graft
types of skin that can be used for covering over a wound or burn
human, animal, and artificial skin
transplantation of healthy tissue from a person to another person
allograft or homograft
allo
other; differing from normal
transplantation of healthy tissue from a site to another site from the same person
autograft
auto
self; own
transplantation of artificial skin produced from collagen fibers arranged in lattice pattern
synthetic skin graft
transplantation of the dermis from a foreign donor (pig) to a human
xenograft or heterograft
xen/o
foreign
chemical removal of the outer layers of skin to treat acne scarring and general keratoses
chemical peel or chemabrasion
use of subfreezing temperature to destroy or eliminate abnormal tissue such as tumors, warts, and unwanted tissues
cryosurgery
removal of necrotized tissue from a wound by surgical excision, enzymes, or chemical agents
debridement
rubbing using wire brushes or sandpaper or mechanically scraping away the epidermis
dermabrasion
tissue destruction by high-frequency electric current. also called electrodesiccation
fulguration
procedure in which cells are exposed to light using a photosensitizer to produce a reaction that destroys the cell
photodynamic therapy (PDT)
this drug reduces acne through multiple mechanisms
antiacne agents
example of antiacne agents
benzoyl peroxide and tretinoin
it alters the cell wall of fungi or disrupt enzyme activity resulting in cell death
antifungals
inhibits allergic reactions
antihistamines
term for a group of antihistamines
antipruritics
kills parasites such as mites and lice
antiparasitics
used to treat scabies or mites and pediculosis or lice
parasiticides
topically applied agents tat inhibit growth of bacteria
antiseptics
decrease inflammation and itching by suppressing the immune system's inflammatory response to tissue damage
corticosteroids
destroy and soften the outer layer of skin so that it slouched off
keratolytics
cover, cool, dry, or soothe inflamed skin. allows the natural healing process to occur
protectives
block sensation of pain by numbing the skin layers and mucous membranes
topical anesthetics
bx
biopsy
BCC
basal cell carcinoma
C&S
culture and sensitivity
CA
cancer
chronological age
cardiac arrest
FS
frozen section
ID
intradermal
I&D
incision and drainage
IMP
impression (synonymous with diagnosis)
IV
intravenous
TNM
tumor-node-metastasis
ung
ointment
XP or XDP
xeroderma pigmentosum