Earth Phase Final
It is recommended that personal service workers such as nurses, doctors, teachers and salon professionals be inoculated against which infectious disease?
Hepatitis B Virus
Examples of personal protective equipment (PPE) include all of the following EXCEPT:
towels
What is the unintentional transfer of harmful bacteria from one person, object or surface to another with harmful effects?
cross-contamination
All of the following terms describe the type of container disinfected nonporous tools or multi-use supplies are stored in EXCEPT:
open
An example of a single-use supply are:
gloves
All tools or supplies that come in contact with the client during a service must be discarded or:
disinfected
The eradication of all microbial life, including bacterial spores is:
sterilization
Which of the following steps should an esthetician perform before beginning each service?
wash hands with soap and warm water
An approved EPA-registered disinfectant effective against HBV and HIV is required for use when:
when nonporous tools come in contact with blood or body fluids
All of the following descriptions are true about pathogenic bacteria EXCEPT:
cause the decay of refuse
Bacteria can enter the body through all of the following ways EXCEPT:
healthy skin
What approximate percent of all bacteria are harmless?
70%
A local infection is often indicated by a pimple, inflamed area or:
a pus-filled boil
Common means of spreading infection in the workplace include all of the following actions EXCEPT:
clean hands and implements
Direct transmission occurs in which of the following ways?
respiratory droplets
A person carrying disease-producing bacteria or viruses with no recognizable symptoms of the disease is called a(n):
asymptomatic carrier
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) can be transferred by all of the following EXCEPT:
touch
Reproduction of bacteria usually takes place where a food source is available and all of the following conditions EXCEPT:
clean
A communicable disease refers to a disease that is:
spread from one person to another
What type of contagious virus can show up as a cold sore?
HSV
A special group or type of antibodies which render a toxic substance harmless are known as:
antitoxins
Organisms that live on or obtain nutrients from another organism are known as:
external parasites
A virus that attacks and destroys the infection-fighting cells of the immune system is called:
HIV
A pediculicide shampoo kills:
lice
If an accident happens at the workplace, record what happened and how it was handled in a(n):
accident logbook
When performing first aid for bleeding wounds, what is the next step after bleeding stops?
secure cloth with a bandage
Which step of the following examples would occur first if you encounter bleeding or wound?
apply gloves
If a victim appears to be having an allergic reaction, where could you locate information about product usage?
SDS
When you believe a person may be choking, what step should be taken FIRST?
determine if the victim can speak or cough
The stratum lucidum layer is found only on the:
soles of the feet and palms of hands
What is one function of the acid mantle?
prevent skin from drying and chapping
Which of the following organs is the largest of the body?
skin
The stratum corneum is composed of:
keratin protein cells
The thickest skin is located on the:
soles of the feet and palms of hands
Andrew is having his son's fingerprints recorded today as a tool to be used if his son is ever lost. Fingerprints are made possible by which layer of the skin?
stratum lucidum
What quality is notable about the stratum corneum?
it is the toughest layer of the epidermis
The stratum spinosum is often called the:
prickle cell layer
The two layers of the dermis are the papillary and reticular layer.
True
Which of the following epidermal layers have intercellular connections that provide strength and support between cells?
stratum spinosum
Where are the large blood vessels found that transport nourishment to the skin and nerves?
subcutaneous layer
The epidermis is composed of how many layers?
5
The study of the structure and growth of the nails is called:
onychology
Which of the following items determines the color of the skin?
melanin
Most skin problems are caused by:
the sebaceous glands
What is the layer of skin that is exfoliated during skin care services?
stratum disjunctum
Which of the following epidermal layers have intercellular connections that provide strength and support between cells?
stratum spinosum
Which layer of the skin gives the skin its elastic quality?
dermis layer
The acid mantle keeps the surface of the skin slightly acidic, which helps:
prevent bacteria from entering the body
Providing the skin with its strength and flexibility are the collagen and:
elastin fibers
What layer of the skin is often referred to as true skin?
dermis
The outermost layer of the skin is known as the:
epidermal layer
What is formed when sebum produced by the oil glands mixes with the body’s perspiration?
acid mantle
Which layer of the skin lies in the upper layer of the dermis and is rich in blood vessels and capillaries?
papillary layer
Connective tissue is located in the:
dermis
When we measure the pH of the skin, we are actually measuring the pH of the:
acid mantle
All of the following statements describe the cells in the granular layer EXCEPT:
are called squamous cells
What is the term that describes the absorption process that allows some molecules to pass through the skin?
transdermal penetration
Which of the following is NOT a receptor of skin sensation?
Thermogenesis
What are the two primary immune cells in the epidermis?
melanocytes and Langerhans cells
In the skin, the thicker the stratum corneum, the faster the rate of penetration.
False
The removal of impurities, toxins, pollutants and dead skin cells is known as:
detoxification
What type of exfoliation uses an abrasive material or device to stimulate removal of the upper layer of the stratum corneum is known as:
mechanical (physical)
Functions of the skin carry out complex actions related to sensation, heat regulation, absorption, protection, excretion and:
secretion
Inflammation on the cheeks and nose in a typical "butterfly pattern" is a sign of what medical condition?
autoimmune disease
The first stage of wound healing is:
hemostasis
Which of the following terms is the first line of defense in the skin's barrier?
acid mantle
Lipid-soluble products can be absorbed into the skin via intercellular space between corneocytes.
True
Which skin type has minimal oil production on the nose or chin?
dry
The skin's natural shedding of the stratum corneum (horny layer) is:
desquamation
The chemical conversion of living cells into dead protein cells is known as:
keratinization
How much sun exposure is needed to boost vitamin D levels?
10 minutes
The primary role of which vitamin is to control levels of calcium and phosphate within the body?
vitamin D
Which sweat gland is inactive until stimulated by hormones?
apocrine
To keep the skin water-resistant and protected, what is the skin's most prevalent secretion?
sebum
When a client senses pressure and vibration during a salon/spa treatment, which of the following mechanoreceptors is responsible?
Merkel cells
What does the body need in order to produce vitamin D?
sunlight
Atoms that are not missing any electrons in their outer shell and are considered electrically neutral are called:
stable
Many products estheticians use are the result of chemically uniting two different elements, which is known as:
compound
What is the smallest complete unit of an element?
atom
Which of the following biochemical compounds form components that fill the intercellular spaces in the skin?
lipids
Atoms that are the same form a(n):
element
Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen form the basis of:
amino acids
Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen form the basis of:
amino acids
What is created when amino acids join together in chains?
proteins
In the process of oxidation, a substance gains an electron, and oxygen is released.
False
Pure substances are made of only one type of:
atom or molecule
Which of the following items has/have definite weight and volume but no definite shape?
lotions
What are the three major biochemical compound groups in the body?
proteins, carbohydrates and lipids
There are 118 known elements; those above which element are synthetic?
92nd
Water freezing and becoming ice is an example of a physical change.
True
All matter that is not alive, has never been alive and does not contain carbon, such as rocks, water and minerals falls within the study of:
inorganic chemistry
The chemical symbol for carbon is:
C
A simple unit of a carbohydrate is called:
saccharide
Atoms have three main parts: protons, neutrons and:
electrons
Which of the following conditions is an example of chemical change?
oxygen and hydrogen combining to form water
A bond uniting two amino acid groups that create proteins are:
peptide bonds
What is it called when a substance loses an electron and oxygen is acquired?
oxidation
pH stands for:
potential hydrogen
What kind of substance does pH indicate the acidity or alkalinity of?
water-based
Chris was looking for a pH-balanced product to use. pH balanced refers to a product that ranges from a pH of:
4.5 to 5.5
A substance that increases the concentration of hydrogen ions when placed in water because it donates, or releases, H+ ions is a(n):
acid
All of the following statements regarding the pH scale are true EXCEPT:
values below 7 indicate more alkalinity
What type of mask seals the skin, locking in moistureand creating a firm, taut feeling after removal?
peel-off mask
What is the number one cause of skin cancer and premature aging?
sun exposure
Which type of sunscreen protects the skin by reflecting UV rays?
physical
Which of the following cosmetic categories represents a mixture of two or more kinds of substances evenly dispersed and mixable?
solution
Mixtures of two or more kinds of molecules, having a tendency to separate when left standing, are known as:
suspensions
Which of the following terms means two or more kinds of molecules that are not able to be mixed?
immiscible
Which type of toner has the lowest percentage of alcohol content?
freshener
Most skin care products used by estheticians and clients are:
mixtures
Clay, peel-off and thermal masks are all examples of non-setting masks.
False
Masks with the primary purpose of absorbing excess oil, tightening and refining the pores and aiding in preventing clogging are:
clay/mud masks
The non-polar end of an emulsifier which loves oil and hates water is called:
lipophilic
What step in the basic skin care regimen is specificallydesigned to remove dirt, oil, makeup and environmentalpollutants from the surface of the skin?
cleansing
Examples of an emulsion include:
cleansing creams
Masks with the primary purpose of absorbing excess oil, tightening and refining the pores and aiding in preventing clogging are:
clay/mud masks
A substance that is able to dissolve another substance is called a(n):
solvent
Water (H2O) aqueous is a functional ingredient that is listed first on product labels due to weight concentration.
True
An ingredient used in skin care products to cover (mask) odor of raw ingredients is:
fragrance
Functional ingredients used to remove oil and/or dirt and are also known as a cleansing agent are called:
surfactants
Which of the following functional ingredients cause water to be held onto the skin?
humectants
Acids or bases used to alter the desired product pH level are called:
pH adjustors
Examples of non-comedogenic ingredients include all of the following EXCEPT:
color additives
Functional ingredients are responsible for producing the desired effect.
False
What is the difference between the delivery system of liposomes and hydrogels?
liposomes deliver lipophilic ingredients and hydrogels deliver hydrophilic ingredients
Due to weight concentration, what ingredient is often listed first on a cosmetic product label?
water
Which ingredient listed below is compatible with bothwater and oil?
emulsifying agent
Ingredients that help hold the product together, provide a base and contain a preservative system are called:
functional
All of the following statements about lighteners are true EXCEPT:
they increase inflammation
All of the following statements about lighteners aretrue EXCEPT:
they increase inflammation
All of the following statements about brighteners are true EXCEPT:
they increase the production of hyperpigmentation
Which of the following terms means the product is less likelyto provoke an allergic reaction?
hypoallergenic
The muscle responsible for compressing the cheek to release air outwardly, as in blowing, is the:
buccinator
The muscle located below the lower lip that pulls it down or to the side is known as the:
quadratus labii inferioris
All of the following functions belong to the muscular system EXCEPT:
storing calcium
The only muscle of its type in the human body is the:
cardiac muscle
In general, muscles affected by massage are massaged from the:
insertion to origin
Myology is the study of the structure, function and diseases of the:
muscles
A group of three muscles located at the sides of the palm that control the motion of the little finger is known as?
hypothenar eminence
Turning the hand from palm-down to palm-up is called?
supination
Located above the corners of the mouth, which muscle raises the angle of the mouth, as in snarling?
caninus
The muscle responsible for compressing the cheek to release air outwardly, as in blowing, is the:
buccinator
Turning the hand from palm-down to palm-up is called?
supination
Which muscle extends from the elbow to the carpals on the back of the forearm and causes the fingers to extend?
extensor digitorum
The triangle-shaped muscle that lifts the arm or turns it is the:
deltoid
What is the name of the dense, strong bands of fibrous tissue that connects bones to other bones?
ligaments
The inner and larger of the 2 lower leg bones, extending from the knee to the ankle, is known as the shinbone, or:
tibia
How many phalanges are on each finger?
3
The zygomatic bones are the two bones that form the:
upper cheek and the bottom of the eye socket
The 8 carpals held together with ligaments form the:
wrist
The 14 bones of the foot that form the digits are known as the:
phalanges
The large, flat bone extending upward from the middle of the back to the joint where it attaches to the clavicle is called the:
scapula
Two long, flat bones that run across the front of the shoulder and links the sternum to the humerus is known as the:
clavicle
Bone is composed of 2/3 mineral matter and:
1/3 organic matter
The bony cage that protects the heart, lungs ad other internal organs is referred to as the chest or:
thorax
The inner and larger of the 2 lower leg bones, extending from the knee to the ankle, is known as the shinbone, or:
tibia
The tarsals are 7 bones that make up the mid-foot and rear foot.
True
The bone shape that provides support and stability with little or no movement is known as:
short
Which organ of the lymphatic system removes old red blood cells?
spleen
The body system responsible for circulation of lymph and moving it from tissues into the bloodstream is called the:
lymphatic system
Which primary organ of the lymphatic system filters old/non-functional red blood cells from the body?
spleen
Which body system circulates blood through the body?
circulatory system
All of the following statements about mitochondria are correct EXCEPT:
protein builder of the cell
What are the basic units of living matter?
cells
The organ that controls all body functions is the:
brain
A group of body structures which perform one or more vital functions for the body is called a:
body system
The release of energy within a cell necessary for the performance of specific body functions is caused by:
catabolism
What is the function of the muscular system?
moves the body
Which of the following is NOT an example of metabolism?
controlling the basic functions and activities of the cell
Carbohydrates are converted to glucose for energy in the body, and excess carbohydrates can result in excess body fat.
True
What is another name for histology?
microscopic anatomy
The activity in which each cell absorbs food, grows in size and divides into two new cells is referred to as:
mitosis
What is the function of the digestive system?
converts nutrients to energy
The study of normal organ function and systems of the body is known as:
physiology
The body system that controls the sebaceous (oil) and sudoriferous (sweat) glands is referred to as the:
integumentary system
How often should the solution in disinfectant containers be changed?
daily as required by the EPA
Nonporous tools and multi-use supplies used in the salon/spa should be disinfected:
after each use
Which of the following products can be toxic and could be harmful to your skin?
disinfectants
Tools used to puncture or invade the skin must be sterilized or designed to be:
disposable
An example of a single-use supply are:
gloves
An esthetician failed to wear safety glasses when mixing a disinfectant. Some disinfectant splattered into her eye. Where would she locate specific product information to guide her in removing the disinfectant?
SDS
Chemical products used to kill certain pathogens (bacteria, viruses and fungi) with the exception of spores on nonporous surfaces are called:
disinfectants
What term identifies how long a disinfectant needs to be in direct contact with the surface or item to be disinfected?
contact time
Which agency approves the efficacy of products used for infection control?
EPA
All tools or supplies that come in contact with the client during a service must be discarded or:
disinfected
What do you do first when a blood-exposure incident occurs?
stop the service
Sufficient ventilation can transmit allergens and pathogens throughout the air.
False