FBLA COMP CPU SCI: Cyber Security and Impact :1:@1
A piece of code that is capable of copying itself and typically has a detrimental effect, such as corrupting the system or destroying data
Virus
Tricking/Deceiving Someone into giving you private information or data
Social Engineering
Attacker gets access by using an exploit to access the system
Backdoor
software that obtains information about another computer's activities without knowledge of the user
Spyware
is an email or electronic communications scam targeted towards a specific individual, organization or business. Although often intended to steal data for malicious purposes, cybercriminals may also intend to install malware on a targeted user's computer.
Spear Phishing Attack
Denial of Service: an attempt to make a machine or network resource unavailable to its intended users, such as to temporarily or indefinitely interrupt or suspend services of a host connected to the Internet.
DOS
Distributed Denial of Service: occurs when multiple systems flood the bandwidth or resources of a targeted system, usually one or more web servers. Such an attack is often the result of multiple compromised systems (for example, a botnet) flooding the targeted system with traffic.
DDOS
a network of private computers infected with malicious software and controlled as a group without the owners' knowledge, used to send spam messages, ddos attacks, mine for cryptocurrency, and more
Botnet
looking through trash to obtain sensitive information
Dumpster Diving
malicious software that blocks access to computer until an amount of money is paid
Ransomware
software intended to harm computers, networks, people, or businesses
Malware
Downloads installed by just passing through an infected webpage
Drive-by Download
sending many emails to a target to flood the inbox and take down the server
E-mail flooding
a virus disguised as real software, to make it appear harmless so victims download and run it
Trojan Horse
a self-replicating virus that does not usually alter files but resides in active memory and duplicates itself. Worms use parts of an operating system that are automatic and usually invisible to the user. It is common for worms to be noticed only when their uncontrolled replication consumes system resources, slowing or halting other tasks.
Worm
also referred to as DNS cache poisoning, is a form of computer hacking in which corrupt Domain Name System data is introduced into a DNS resolver's cache, causing the name server to return an incorrect IP address, which results in diverting traffic to the attacker's computer (or any other computer).
DNS spoofing
Malware which tricks users into buying fake antivirus protection
Scareware
A hacker who does good. Tests security systems with consent of the owners.
White Hat
A hacker who uses their abilities for malicious purposes such as breaching and bypassing internet secuirty.
Black Hat
Someone who uses computers to cause severe damage or widespread fear in society.
Cyberterrorist
a computer hacker whose activity is aimed at promoting a social or political cause.
Hacktivist
the use of computer networks to gain illicit access to confidential information, typically that held by a government or other organization.
Cyberespionage
Bots can send spam attacks, dos attacks, and others. Malware ran on a computer can let the attacker place these on computers which once infected are called zombies.
A collection of bots all controlled by one person is called a botnet, commonly used for DDOS attacks
Bots
a program used to guess a users password, using lists of keywords and common passwords.
Password Cracker
Malware that displays ads when the user is on the internet, and can collect marketing data without the user's knowledge. Adware can also redirect a search request.
Adware
allows individuals to capture data as it is transmitted over a network and is used by network professionals to diagnose network issues, and by malicious users to capture unencrypted data, like passwords and usernames.
Sniffing
a person who uses existing computer scripts or code to hack into computers, lacking the expertise to write their own.
Script Kiddie
the use of a key that an attacker has stolen to gain access to a secured transmission. The key allows the attacker to decrypt the data that is being sent. The sender and receiver are usually not aware of the attack.
Compromised Key Attack
computer systems that block, detect, and remove viruses and other malware
Antivirus
a part of a computer system or network that is designed to block unauthorized access while permitting outward communication.
Firewall