chapter 21
microevolution
a change in allele frequencies in a population over generations
evolution is observable
true
phenotype
the physical expression of the genotype
variation in an individual leads to
variation in an individual's phenotype
all phenotypic variation is heritable
false
natural selection can effect what
genetic components
variation within a population
how much genetic variation there is between individuals
population geneticists do what
measure polymorphisms in a population by determining the amount of heterozygosity at the gene and molecular levels
the different measures of genetic variability
average heterozygosity
nucleotide variability
average heterzygosity
average percent of loci that are heterozygous in a population
nucleotide variability
comparison between the dna sequences of pairs of individuals
mutations
changes in nucleotide sequence of dna
mutations do
cause variability
only mutations in cells that produce gametes can be passed to offspring
sources of genetic variation
formation of new alleles by mutation
altering gene number or position
rapid reproduction increases mutation rate
sexual reproduction shuffles existing genetic variation
point mutation
a mutation that changes a single base in a gene
point mutations are often
harmful and result in deletion by natural selection
chromosomal mutations that alter or delete many loci are
usually harmful
neofunctionalization
duplicated genes that can take on new fuctions
mutation rates in plants and animals tend to be
low
mutation rates in prokaryotes tend to be
very low, but their rapid reproduction makes them mutate quickly
genetic drift
random change in allele frequencies in a population
genetic drift effects
significant on smaller populations
causes allele frequencies to change at random
can lead to a loss of genetic variation
can cause harmful alleles to become fixed
founder effect
when a few individuals get isolated from a larger population
bottleneck effect
when a population suddenly decreases is size due to a change in the environment
gene flow
alleles moving among populations transferred by movement of fertile individuals or gametes
3 modes of selection
1) directional
2) disruptive or diversifying
3) stabilizing
directional selection
favours individuals at one end of the phenotypic range
bell curve shifts over to one side
disruptive or diversifying selection
favours individuals at both extremes of the phenotypic range
bell curve splits into 2
stabilizing selection
favours intermediate variants and acts against extreme phenotypes
bell curve heightens
balancing selection
selection that preserves variation at some loci, maintaining two or more phenotypes in a population
heterozygous advantage
a way for balancing selection to arise
when heterozygotes have a higher fitness than either homozygote
frequency dependent selection
the fitness of an allele depends on its frequency in a population (declines when becomes too frequent)
sexual dimorphism
marked differences between the sexes in secondary sexual characteristics
types of sexual selection
intra and inter
intrasexual selection
competition among the same sex for opposite sex
intersexual competiton
individuals of one sex are choosy in their mate
4 reasons why natural selection cannot create a perfect organism
1) selection can act only on existing variations
2) evolution is limited by historical constraints
3) adaptations are often compromises
4) chance, natural selection, and the environment interact
| Cuestionario |
|---|
| polish |
| vocab |
| Quiz 6 |
| Revenue Recognition IFRS 15 |
| géographie définitionsgéographie définitions G4 G5 |
| electricity and chemical change |
| Revision - Christian Teachings and Beliefs |
| hairlove |
| Gramatische Grundbegriffe |
| redox reactions |
| anat générale |
| Quiz 5 |
| embryo |
| bio cell |
| Latin Chapter 4 Vocab - copy - copy |
| Physical Geography: Case studies |
| Latin Chapter 4 Vocab |
| memory chaleng |
| dates histoiredates h3 a h6 histoire |
| histoiredéfinition h3 a h6 |
| Strategie H2 |
| duits schritt 12 tot schrit 16german |
| Judendomen |
| consonants |
| Survey of Philippine Literature |
| Medical Terminology |
| unit d - digestive system |
| russian Vocablery |
| Russian Vocab |
| Système digestif |
| devoir |
| chapter 20evidence for evolution |
| servir |
| partir |
| sentir |
| Sortir |
| using moles |
| Dormir |
| Pouvoir |
| vouloir |
| Midterm Practice Day 1I am choosing 6 questions per chapter of the testbank. |
| KINE1102- midterm lecture 7 |
| Quiz 4 |
| reacting masses and chemical equations |
| Système respiratoire |
| Quiz 3 |
| KINE1102- mideterm lecture 6 |
| Quiz 2 |
| Conceptual Underpinings |
| Strategie H1 |
| Quiz |
| chapter VI A Deductions |
| HaloalkanesCFC's |
| iil |
| Room Categories |
| Formes Taekwon-do |
| KINE1102- midterm lecture 5 |
| neymar |
| anatomi |
| KINE 1102- midterm lecture 4 |
| chapter 19darwin and his theories |
| spelling words |
| spelling words eli |
| Metabolism |
| KINE1102- midterm lecture 3 |
| biologie: planten |
| 6003 OS & Appl Security Week 7 Service Security Conceptsexam Practice |
| adjectives - JPN |
| Blood quiz - copy |
| Español Examen |
| Literary Terms C |
| tj judet onsdag |
| maths revison |
| Science-Biology |
| UE7-la vaccination toute une histoire |
| compounds mixtures and chemical change |
| introduction to elements |
| Presentation 1 |
| psychological explanations for offending behaviour |
| lärande och utveckling 3 |
| Imunoimuno |
| Blood quiz |
| Name the formulas |
| Set 5 Vocab |
| Nonfiction text features |
| 6003 OS & Appl Security week 7 Windows ServicesExam Study |
| 1.1 Nature of Economics |
| TKMB |
| sciencebb |
| Physical science quiz |
| chapter 1history if life, evolution, typological and population thinking |
| states of matter |
| no |
| KINE1102 midterm lecture 2 |
| Latin |
| WHF 2 |
| 4.8 (Frans naar Nederlands)Als ik spelfouten heb gemaakt, laat maar weten.
p.s. je hoeft er niet bij te zetten of woorden mannelijk of vrouwelijk zijn als er les, of l' staat. :) |
| KINE1102 midterm |
| home work |
| 4.6 (Frans naar Nederlands)Als ik spelfouten heb gemaakt, laat maar weten.
p.s. je hoeft er niet bij te zetten of woorden mannelijk of vrouwelijk zijn als er les, of l' staat. :) |
| öva mera på |
| 4.4 (Frans naar Nederlands)Als ik spelfouten heb gemaakt, laat maar weten.
p.s. je hoeft er niet bij te zetten of woorden mannelijk of vrouwelijk zijn als er les, of l' staat. :) |
| 4.2 (Frans naar Nederlands)Als ik spelfouten heb gemaakt, laat maar weten.
p.s. je hoeft er niet bij te zetten of woorden mannelijk of vrouwelijk zijn als er les, of l' staat. :) |
| nytt mag o tarm glosor test 4 |
| French and British Fur Trade: Chapter 4squiggle |
| social feb 22 |
| Computer Science1..4.2 |
| UE7-Paléoanthropologie: aux origines de l'Humanité |
| Franska prepositioner |
| 4.1 (Frans naar Nederlands)Als ik spelfouten heb gemaakt, laat maar weten.
p.s. je hoeft er niet bij te zetten of woorden mannelijk of vrouwelijk zijn als er les, of l' staat. :) |
| Computer Science1.4.1 |
| Cell Biology 25 (Manual flashcards) |
| Cell Biology 25 |
| Computer Science1.1.2 |
| Philo |
| Apah africa people-artworks |
| temptations |
| missouri laws |
| B1 |
| A321-200 |
| Katakana Combination QuizKatakana combinations sounds to practise |
| anouk |
| 4 kirja |
| french |
| science review A |
| W&S |
| Socio |
| Les vêtement Par Sylvia Duckworth |
| marketing |
| Vocab |
| TLE |
| Cognition 2 |
| Quiz - système lymphatique et immunitaire |
| Quiz au sujet du sang et le coeur |
| EXPH exam 2 |
| Elliot Sokoloski |
| espagnol |
| bb |
| Ali |
| Nk |
| gabby |
| history in gaza |
| history conflict in gaza |
| komparerade adjektiv |
| Chapter 12- The Heart |
| adjektiv B |
| adjektiv A |
| Chapter 4 health science |
| deklination 4 |
| grupp 15 nominativ singular till genitiv singular |
| deklination 3 grupp 15 |
| deklination 3 grupp 9 |
| deklination 3 grupp 8 |
| deklination 3 grupp 7 |
| deklination 3 grupp 4 |
| deklination 3 grupp 3 |
| deklination 3 grupp 1 |
| fortsättning deklaration 2 |
| deklination 2 |
| Macbeth quotes |
| deklination 1 |
| chapter 4+5 |
| Biologie lab 2 |
| Othello's character |
| Desdemona / Othello |
| Psychology Midterm |
| Biologie Lab 1 |
| Allotropes of CarbonAllotropes are different structural forms of the same element in 5he same physical stats. |
| Unit 2 Animal Diversity |
| unit d - macromolecules |
| Test 1 |
| révision France: une nouv place dans le monde |
| jannelle monae - turntables |
| fluently |
| provflflf |
| M.T. |
| Test your knowledge |
| CHAPTER 2: THE STRUCTURES OF GLOBALIZATION IN CONTEMPORARY WORLD |
| Molecules with Hydrogen (Memorize) - type answer |
| Molecules with Hydrogen (Memorize) |
| Au XVe et XVle siècle, les européens organisent plusieurs expéditions pour explo |
| INTRODUCTION QUIZ IN CONTEMPORARY WORLD |
| Knowledge Test NJ - Advanced |
| Anthro Quiz |
| Lab Equipment |
| Gut Brain Axis |
| Digestive System |
| glossary 2 |
| Spanish M2- travel |
| history 6 |
| David |
| En la ciudad |
| mmpm |
| it mangaement 4-6 |
| Computational and Systems Neuroscience |
| actors |
| german 18 |
| A330-300 - copy |
| Dugga |
| Unit 6 del 2 |
| Rullmat Lus6 |
| 90 Day words |
| Spanish |
| m2 |
| Unit 6 del 1 |
| Spaans: beroepen |
| Psykologi |
| Rullmat Lus5 |
| RullMat Lus4 |
| RullMat Lus3 |
| The returned (french show) |
| RullMat Lus1 |
| ALLEMAND 3 |
| RullMat Lus2 |
| Aller |
| sat words |
| exercise |
| WC Hinduism test |
| Week 5- Skin Care 2: Electric & HF |
| First Aid - copy |
| The Founding Father'sGovernment |
| Pentecostalism in the USReligion |
| United States GovernorsGovernors |
| Week 4- Skin Care 2: Contagious Disorders, other disorders, Auto-immune Disorder |
| Wk 5 Skin Penetration |
| United States of America Road SystemsRoads |
| Railroad HistoryRailroad |
| Maryland Judicial SystemMaryland |
| Maryand GeographyMaryland |
| Maryland Zoning LawsZoning |
| Wk 3 Comedones, Disincrustation, Extractions |
| United States city populationState Government |
| State LegislaturesState |
| 13th Amendment casesLaw |
| Cases that Challenge US ConstitutionLaw |
| Employment LawEmployment Law |
| blodet |
| Church LawLaw |
| CitizenshipCitizenship |
| Week 3- Skin Care 2: intro to skin conditions |
| Constitutional AmendmentsUnited States Constitution |
| Local Government Typesnone |
| State Constitutionsnone |
| State Courtsstate |
| gas fundementals |
| United States Federal CourtsCourts |
| United States Federal JudiciaryCourts |
| UESCA Running Coach Certification - copyUESCA Running Coach Certification - copy |
| Periodic Table |
| physique |
| Inmuno |
| in Vivo and ex Vivo Imaging Techniques |
| sociologi |
| Bookie's Nutrition Quiz |
| Révision histoire guerre froide |
| panspermia em português |
| Abiogenese em portugues |
| Macro Economie |
| sociologi som vetenskap |
| شريعة اسلامية |
| Äbiogenesy |
| Biologie |
| Genetik |
| Environmental Science |
| First Aid - copy |
| Dangerous Goods - copy |
| Narkotika och psykisk ohälsa |
| Science Lab Safety symbols |
| First Aid |
| go fishing |
| Superhumans |
| Romarriket, Antiken |
| german 17 |
| Titles and Authors 2024 |
| Théorie de l'apprentissage examen mi-session |
| Koine Greek Ch. 24 Subjunctive Mood |
| Koine Greek Ch. 23 Perfect & Pluperfect Tenses |
| politique |
| Art |
| Glosor |
| EnglishStudy |
