Section B Lives of Peasantry
Alexander II working conditions
emanciationedict fred people to work how they wished on their own land. generally allocated poorer quality land and recieed less on average than they had been before the reforms. many peasants struggled to pay redemption payments as they had to answer to the mir.
alexander III working conditions
after 1891 famine that was blamed on thepeasants alex employed land captians to keep discipline.
nicholas II working conditions
rural unrest peaked during the years 1905-7. so stolpin introduced wager on the strong. gave peasants more independece could consolidate their small holdings.
lenin working conditions
a major feature of war communism was the grain requositioning who were supposidly hoarding surplus food. kulaks. peasants were scapegoats during civil war. NEP returned private ownership.
stalin working conditions
followed collectivisation, small farms to create bigger farms. supposed to lead to peasants not hoarding surplus and working together. many peasants resented it and were forced to comply.
khrushchev working conditions
1954 virgin land campaign. increase amount of land that could be cultivated. but the use of virgin soil was flawed. land was overused adn not rotated enough. more dialogue with peasantry eg tax exemptions and electricity in rural areas.
under the tsars living conditions
izbas, single room wooden hut hated by an oven. overcrowded and often shared with animals. cheap to construct and poor standard but peasants could choose how they were used.
lenin living conditions
during the revolution dwellings in towns and cities were to be wrested from private owners and handed over to prolatariat. the redistibution placed in hands of the soviets and the improvements were short lived.
stalin living conditions
special housing blocks constructed next to collectavised farms. many peasangts lost freedom of controlling their housing and were further controlled by the comunists
khrushchev living conditions
built self-containd agro-towns built quickly and cheaply adnnn were subsequently of a poor standard. subect to public health issues. displaced kulaks suffered worse conditions. dumped in barracks or given tent accommodation.
alexander II education
he introduced school inspectors so education provisions increased. introduced a 'new code' for secondary schools which allowed for the continuation of tradtional gymnasia alongside 'real gymnasia'
Alexander III education
reversed his fathers policy by banning lowerclass attendance at secondary schools
nicholas II education
duma announced plans for 'universal primary education' to be achieved by 1922. number of primary schools rose by 58,000 in 34 years.
stalin education
developing basic literacy and numeracy skills to create a more capable work force. 1930 attendance at primary schools was made compulsary. end o 1930 there were 18 million children in primary schools. vocational courses were introduced o prepare people for the work place. 1932 there were 6.9 million pupils attending secndary schools.
Khrushchev education
scrapped secondary schools fees. introduced by stalin in 1939. also created specialised academies