fill the blanks - 9
The membrane of a living cell can maintain a ………… between the inside and outside of itself.
potential difference
The membrane capacitance can be calculated by: ……….where A is the area of membrane, E-dielectric constant of the lipid bilayer and d is the membrane thickness.
cm = E A/d
The inside of the cell is ……….. with respect to the outside.
negative
………….. refers to electrical phenomena in living tissues.
bioelectricity
The voltage across the cell membrane is referred to as the „membrane potential“ or „…………….“ of the cell.
resting potential
K+, Na+ and Cl- constitute ………. charge carriers.
major mobile
The movements of electrolytes through cell membranes are governed by:…………., and the………… of the membrane to the particular ion.
electrical potential gradient; permeability
K+ ions are more concentrated inside the cell by a factor of roughly ………..
30 to 1
The word ………….indicates that the process of ion transportation requires energy from the cell´s metabolic process
pump
A biological tissue is a complex electrical circuit. The impedance of such ancircuit can be calculated using the equation: ………….. where Z is the impedance, R is the Ohm´s resistance, C is the value of capacitance, w is the cyclic frequency
Z= R^2 -1 /w^2 * c^2
The depolarization of the atrioventricular node causes electrical impulses to travelto the myocardium via a special conducting system composed of anbundle of fibers known as …………..
bundle of hiss
During an action potential, the interior potential of the cell quickly rises from about -90 mV to about +20 to +30 mV. This process is called…………
depolarization
During depolarization, the sodium ions enter the cell, driving the potential ………
positive
The EEG signals are composed of periodic oscillations of varying……….
frequencies
The action potential travels along the axon at speeds ranging from …… to’……..
120; 220
The pumping cycle of the heart is initiated by electrical impulses produced in a small specialized spot of tissue in the right atrium known as the ………….
sinoatrial node
The cyclic frequency is defined as ……………, where ……………
w= 2PiF; F=frequency
The series of electrical impulses generated by the SA node can be thought of as ……………action potentials
self-stimulated
The most common method used for ECG measurements includes electrodes on the right and left arms and left leg. These three electrodes form an effective triangle known as the ……….. triangle.
Einthoven
An electroencephalogram is a recording of electrical signals generated by the ………...
brain
A measurement of electric potentials produced by muscle fibers is referred to as an ………
EMG
Whenever piezoelectric crystals are subjected to deformation forces they ………………
voltage
The capacitance of a capacitor is equal to the amount of ………..stored per unit potential difference across it
charge
The major problem with cardiac pacemakers is the …………….which will last for long periods of time.
provision of a power supply
The electric dipole moment is defined as ………… /formula/, where …………
P= fi * d; d=distance; fi=charge displacement
Lead ………..connects the left leg to the left arm.
3
In an electrocardiogram, …………….is associated with the depolarization of the AV node and conduction to the ventricles.
QRS complex
A typical value of membrane capacitance is about ………………. of membrane area.
10^-6 F/cm^2
The plasma membrane has a structure analogous to ………
capacitor
The membrane capacitance can be calculated by: formula/………….., where A is the membrane surface area, E-dielectric constant of the lipid bilayer, d-membrane thickness.
EA/d
Nerve impulses occur …………… manner.
in all-of-none