semantics
what are the three components that language is divided
sound form and meaning
conceptual meaning
semantics
two subfields of semantics
lexical semantics
compositional semantics
it is a subfield of semantics in which it is the individual word meanings
lexical semantics
it is a subfield of semantics in which it is the meaning or phrases or sentences
compositional semantics
work and object or idea it represents; real world physical representation
reference
do not have concrete reference but able to understand their meaning
sense
the literal meaning of a word which is its primary meaning and neutral and objective
conceptual/cognitive or denotative meaning
meaning that comes in your mind upon hearing the word
associative or connotative meaning
unstable because word meaning is influenced by culture historical period and in experience
associative or connotative meaning
the meaning conveyed by a word is dependent on various social factors or context of its use
like a dialect variations and formality of language
social or stylistics meaning
personal feelings or emotions of the speaker which involves intonation tone of voice and voice quality
effective or emotive meaning
when a word or phrase is associated with more than one conception meaning
reflected meaning
words that always go together or to occur frequently like good looking
collocative meaning
what is the communicated by the way a writer or speaker organizes the message in terms of order focus and emphasis
thematic meaning
words that have figurative or metaphorical meanings rather than just being literal. the sun smiled
meaning extension
analyzing lexical items such as gender count or number person agency possession cues and many others
semantic features
it is also known as thematic relations, pertaining to the rules words especially nouns and pronouns fulfill the situation described in a particular sentence
semantic rules
words with similar or very closely related meanings like a small and tiny
synonymy
birds with opposite meanings like big and small
antonymy
comparative constructions or used in comparisons like hot and cold
createable antonyms
no continue comparison between them direct opposites like male and female
non-gradable antonyms
hierarchical relationship between words like red and color
hyponymy
cognitive reference point that best represents the meaning or description of a word category like furniture and then chair
prototypes
broad term used to describe words that are homophones or homographs for example the sea and see
homonymy
words that have related meanings and have same spelling and pronunciation like the head as top of part of the body or in top of department
polysemy
some words have the same spelling but have different meanings when capitalized
capitonyms
it uses a term to stand for another word idea or concept like a crown and rulers
metonymy
collocations that made up of rates in a fixed order and their meaning cannot be taken from the sum of the individual words
idioms