Week 1 Content - Terminology 1 & 2
The longitudinal plane that divides the body into equal left & right sides
Saggital plane or median plane
on the opposite side of the body
Contralateral
Set of chemical processes that make life possible
Metabolism
Cell connection formed when membrane channels of adjacent plasma membranes adhere to each other
Gap Junction
particle/substance attracted to water
Hydrophillic
Relative constancy of the healthy body's internal environment
Homeostasis
Connected between Cells that are joined by tightly fused membranes
Tight Junction
travelling or conducting forward, forward signal
Afferent
A physiological value the body has set as the target point for stability
Set point
Toward the end of a structure
Distal
Ecosystem of microbes that live on/in the human body
Microbiome
Control system in which the level of a variable is changed in the direction opposite of the initial stimulus
Negative feedback
Fluid located within a Cell
Intracellular fluid
DNA that has coiled to form a compact mass during mitosis or Meiosis
chromosome
Any of the many organized structure inside of a Cell
organelle
The bodys six levels of structural organization
Chemical, Cellular, tissue, organ, system , organismal
Tissue that covers body surfaces, lines hollow organs & cavities and forms glands
Epithelial
Tissue that connects, supports, protects body organs while distributing blood vessels to other tissue
Connective
Tissue that contracts to make body parts move, generates heat (includes skeletal, cardiac, smooth)
Muscular
Tissue Carries Info from one part of body to another through nerve impulses
Nervous
Eleven systems of the body
skin, skeletal, muscular, nervous, respiratory, endocrine, digestive, Cardiovascular, lymphoid, reproductive, urinary
skin; protects body, regulate body temp, detects sensation, store fat, provide insulation
Integumentary system
Bones and joints; Supports / protects, provides surface area for muscle attatchments, aids body movement, stores fat/minerals
skeletal system
female: uterus, ovaries, uterine tubes, clitoris, mamary glands, vagina. Male: prostate, penis , epididymis, seminal glands, ductus, deferens; release horomones, reproduction, produce milk (mammary glands), produce sperm, stores gametes
Reproductive systems
Skeletal muscle tissue; participates in body movements like walking, posture, major heat source
Muscular system
Brain, spinal cord, nerves, eyes, ears; nerve Impulses, detects changes in internal/external environments, Interprets change & responds by causing musular contractions
Nervous system
Horomone producing glands, thymus, thyroid, pancreas, ovaries/testes, supraneral grands, pituitary glands; regulates body activities by releasing horomones
Endocrine system
Blood, heart, blood vessels; heart pumps blood through blood vessels, blood carries oxygen & nutrients to cells, regulate acid/base balance, repair damage blood Cells
Cardiovascular system
Lymphatic fluid, lymphatic vessels, spleen, thymus, nodes, tonsils, B cells, T cells; returns proteins & fluid to blood, carries lipids from gastroIntestinal tract to blood, contains maturation of B Cells & T cells that protect against disease causing microbes
Lymphoid System
Lungs, pharynx, larynx, trachea, brachial tubes; transfers oxygen from inhaled air to blood & carbon dioxide from blood to exhaled air, helps regulate acid base balance of fluids, air flows out of lungs through vocal cords to produce sounds
Respiratory System
Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small Intestine, large instestine, anus, saturary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas; physical & chemical breakdown of food, absorb's nutrients, eliminates solid waste
Digestive system
Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, vetera; produces/Stores/eliminates urine, eliminates Waste, regulates volume & chemical composition of blood, helps maintain body's mineral balance e regulates production of red blood cells
Urinary system
Position is standing, legs parallel, feet flat, facing observer
Anatomical/fundamental position
Body is lying facedown is prone position while face up (lying on spine)
Supine position
Five principal regions
Head, neck, trunk, arms, legs
Plane that divides body into left and right Sides
Saggital plane
Plane parallel to hospital plane, dividing into unequal right and left sides. Does not pass through the midline.
Paramedian plane
A longitudinal plane that divides body into anterior and posterior portions
coronal plane (frontal)
Horizontal plane that divides body into superior and inferior parts
Transverse plane
The only plane that passes through the body at any angle other than 90 degrees
Oblique plane
Body cavities
cranial, thoracic, abdominopelvic
Retroperitoneal - SADPUCKER
suprarenal glands, aorta & inferior vena cava, duodenum, pancreas, ureters, colon, Kidneys, esophajeus, rectum
Four abdominopelvic quadrants & regions
Right upper quadrant (liver), right lower quadrant (appendix), left upper quadrant (spleen & Kidney), left lower quadrant (left ovary)
The nine abdominopelvic regions
Right hypochondriac, right lateral region, right inguinal region, epigastric region, umbilical region, hypogastric region, left hypochondriac region, left lateral region, left inguinal region
Building up of complex chemical substances from smaller simpler components
Anabolism
The 6 processes of Life
Metabolism, responsiveness, movement, growth, differentiation, reproduction
Components of Homeostasis
Receptor, control center and effector
True or false: the stimulus is a deviation of the controlled condition from the set point
True
True or false: the afferent pathway is the output from the control center
False
True or false: The effector monitors the controlled condition
False
True or false: the efferent pathway sends signals to the effectors
True
True or false: The Control Center evaluates afferent signals & generates efferent signals
True
True or false: efferent signals involve, nerve impulses, & hormone agents
True
True or false: the effector may be an organ or tissue
True
True or false: The effector brings about change in the controlled condition
True
A body structure that uses afferent pathway to carry info from periphery to control centre (brain). Detects changes. Uses afferent signal.
Receptor
Recieves signals from receptor via afferent (arriving - signal) & processes info based on set point. Regulates via efferent (exiting) pathway to effector.
Control center
Body structure that recieves signals and makes adjustments needed to return to homeostasis
Effector
study of structure of the body through dissection
Anatomy
Study of functions of the body , including homeostasis
physiology
Anatomical term- pedal
Foot
Anatomical term- antebrachial
forearm
Anatomical term - axillia/axillary
Armpit
Anatomical term- brachial
Arm
Anatomical term- occipital
Base of Skull
Anatomical term- dorsum
Back of hand & top of foot
Anatomical term - calcaneal
Heel
Anatomical term- Phalangeal
toes/fingers
Anatomical term- carpal
wrist
Anatomical term - olecranal /cubital
Back of elbow
Anatomical term- antecubital
front of elbow
Anatomical term- pollen
Thumb
A space that encloses internal organs in a membrane
Body cavity
Visceral & parietal (membranes) pleura lining the lungs & pleural cavity
pleural membranes
Membrane that covers the heart, covers pericardial cavity walls
Pericardial membrane
Membrane that covers the abdominal organs & cavity walls
Peritoneal membrane
Classification given to organs that are posterior (behind) peritoneum (abdominal & pelvis membrane)
Retroperitoneal
Median, coronal (fronta), transverse (horizontal)
Main Sections of body
vertebral canal is in _____ cavity
Cranial
pleural cavity, pericardial cavity, mediastinum (inbetween lungs) is in ______ cavity
Thoracic
Fluids in body
60% fluid - 2/3 ICF, 1/3 ECF : 80% interstitial fluid & 20% plasma ( lymphatic system regulates )
Directional term: Farther from point of attachment/center of body
Distal
Directional term: closer to point of attachment/ center of body
Proximal
Directional term: Away from midline toward sides
Lateral
Directional term : closer to midline toward Center
Medial
Directional term : Above, close to head
superior
Directional term: Below, toward feet
inferior
Heart & trachea (mediastinum) and lungs (pleural cavity)
Organs in thoracic cavity
Stomach, intestine,digestive organs (abdominal cavity), Bladder, reproductive organs (pelvic cavity)
Organs in Abdominopelvic cavity
Brain/skull
Organ in cranial Cavity