Forensic Toxicology
Toxicology comes from the Latin word _______ meaning poison and "ology" meaning study.
TOXICO
It is the science of dealing with properties, actions, toxicity, and detection of poison.
Toxicology
Which of the following is not a definition of toxicology?
Toxicology is the study of adverse effects of chemicals on dead organisms.
It is a finished dosage form that contains an active drug ingredient generally, but not necessarily, in association with inactive ingredients.
Drug Product
The following are characteristics of an active ingredient, except:
Furnish other indirect effect in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease
What is forensic toxicology?
It is a branch of toxicology dealing with medical and legal aspects of the harmful effects of chemicals on human beings.
Give 6 applications of forensic toxicology.
1. Determine presence and quantity of illegal drugs
2. Determine presence of poison or hazardous chemicals.
3. Determine chemical composition of a substance.
4. Determine drug overdose.
5. Investigate cases involving drug-facilitated sexual assault.
6. Conduct post-mortem investigation.
Importance of Forensic Toxicology
- VERIFY if the case is poisoning
- TREAT as the occasion demands
- FORWARD justice
TRUE OR FALSE: Around 1500 BCE, early humans used poisonous plants and animals for hunting or as warfare agents.
False (50,000 BCE)
TRUE OR FALSE: In 1500 BCE, written evidence indicated that hemlock, opium, curare, and certain metals were used.
TRUE
The following are prominent personalities in the field of toxicology from 460-370 BCE, except:
Mithridates
TRUE OR FALSE: Aristotle published "De Historia Plantanum" in 384-322 BCE.
False (De Historia Animalium)
De Historia Plantanum was published by Theophrastus in 370-286 BCE.
In 69-30 BCE, this personality tested toxicity, notably of strychnine, on prisoners and slaves.
Cleopatra
When did Mithridates attempted suicide by poison, but failed due to his inmunity? He conducted poisoning trials on prisoners and developed an ingredient antidote.
69-30 BCE
___________________ tested toxic mixtures on men and children. He described onset, potency, specificity, signs, symptoms, and recovery.
Marquise de Brinvilliers
She is also known as La Voisin, a midwife/sorcerer who killed around 2000 babies.
Catherine Monvoisin Deshayes
He expressed the basic principle of toxicology: "All substances are poisons. There is none thay is not a poison. The right dose differentiates poison from a remedy."
Philippus Theophrastus Aureolus Bombastus von Hohein heim (Paracelsus)
What is the basic principle of Toxicology?
All substances are poisons. There is none that is not poison. The right dose differentiates poison from a remedy.
Paracelsus was said to have used special mercury preparations to treat syphilis and ether as _________.
Analgesic
She was the first trial recorded in 1752 with the use of chemical tests to detect arsenic.
Mary Blandy
He stated that the detection and identification of the poison in organs of the deceased was the only true sign of poisoning.
Joseph Plenic
TRUE OR FALSE: Johann Daniel Metzger in 1787, invented the method for detecting arsenic in solutions.
TRUE
Who discovered nitrous oxide and suggested its use as an anesthetic?
Humphry Davy
What effect does nitrous oxide have on the body?
Decreases pain threshold
Who was arrested in 1832 for poisoning his grandfather's coffee?
John Bodle
What poison was believed to have been used by John Bodle to kill his grandfather?
ARsenic
Which chemist developed a test in 1836 for detecting arsenic in tissues?
James M. Marsh
What gas is formed during the Marsh Test for arsenic detection?
Arsine gas
Lydia Sherman was convicted for poisoning how many people?
7
Who is known as the Father of Toxicology?
Mathieu Orfila
What significant work did Mathieu Orfila publish in 1814?
Traite Des Poisons
In which case did Orfila use the Marsh Test to identify arsenic?
Lafarge Affair
Who was accused of killing their brother-in-law with nicotine in 1850?
Count Bocarme
Which chemist developed a method to isolate alkaloid poisons in 1850?
Jean Servais Stas
What poison did Caroline Grills use in 1953 to poison her relatives?
Thallium
Who developed the first method for measuring arsenic in 1911?
Dr. William Willcox
What was the significance of the 1982 Tylenol incident?
Development of tamper-proof packaging for medicines
What device did Erik M.P. Widmark’s research lead to the development of?
Drunkometer
Which year was the American Board of Forensic Toxicology established?
1975
Which of the following is a modern analytical technique used in forensic science?
Spectroscopy
Provide at least three innovative techniques or methods for toxicological analysis present in 2000s to presen.
-UV Absorption, IR Absorption, Radioimmunoassay (RIA),
- Thin-Layer Chromatography, High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC),
- GC.
In which year was the “Manual de Medicina Domestica” by Dr. Rafael Genard y Mas published?
1837
The teaching of legal medicine in the Philippines began in which institution during the late 1800s?
University of Santo Tomas (UST)
Who was appointed as the chemist in the committee to study mineral waters of Luzon in 1884?
Anacleto del Rosario
What was the main function of the Laboratorio Municipal de Manila established in 1887?
Analyzing food, water, and materials for public health and legal medicine
Who established the first clinical laboratory for chemical analyses in the Philippines in 1895?
Antonio Luna
Who was the American soldier in charge of the first Crime Detection Laboratory in the Philippines in 1899?
Lt. R. Strong
Which act led to the creation of the Bureau of Government Laboratories (BGL) in 1901?
Act No. 156
Who became the first director of the Bureau of Government Laboratories (BGL) in 1901?
Dr. Paul C. Freer
In which year was the Department of Legal Medicine in the Philippines created?
1915
The Department of Legal Medicine became a branch of which government department in 1922?
Department of Justice
What significant change happened to the Department of Legal Medicine in 1938?
It was abolished and turned over to the Division of Investigation
Who was the Chief of the Medico-Legal section created in 1951?
Col. Jesus T. Mendoza
What was the purpose of the Bureau of Government Laboratories when it was created?
Performing biological and chemical analyses, and reproducing vaccines
What did the American Civil Government preserve in 1898?
Spanish Forensic Medicine system
In which year was the Division of Investigation (DI) under the DOJ created?
1936
Which act incorporated the Department of Legal Medicine of the UP as part of the DOJ?
Act No. 1043
Who was the first chemist at the Laboratorio Medico-legal created in 1888?
Ulpiano Rodriguez
What significant event in the Philippines' forensic history took place on 1 July 1901?
Creation of the Bureau of Government Laboratories (BGL)
Which year marked the creation of the Bureau of Investigation (NBI) under RA 157?
1947
Who consolidated all law-enforcing agencies under a single organization in 1943?
President Jose P. Laurel
Which of the following is one of the distinct crime laboratories currently operating in the Philippines?
PNP Crime Laboratory
The Forensic Chemistry Division is part of which Philippine agency?
National Bureau of Investigation (NBI)
Which drug was Whitney Houston found to have overdosed on in 2012?
Cocaine
Michael Jackson's death was primarily caused by a lethal dose of which substance?
Propofol
Which famous musician died from a heroin overdose at the age of 27?
Janis Joplin
Which substance was found in the toxicology report of Taylor Hawkins, the Foo Fighters drummer?
Benzodiazepines
What was the cause of death for Jarad Higgins, also known as Juice WRLD?
Percocet overdose