History: Crime and punishment
2 features of the King in England
Most powerful, All land belonged to him, Demanded respect from his people in return for protection.
2 features of tenents in chief?
- land given by king in return for services (giving knights etc)
- important tenents were called barons
2 features of knights
- given land by the tenents in chief
- in return, fought for the king (whn he demanded knights)
- paid for their own horses and weapons
2 features of peasents
- lowest class
- worked land from knights
- in return for protection
What is a 'fief' and why is this used by the king
- fied = part of land from the king
- since he cant control all of england
What does homage and the oath of fealty mean + 2 features
- homage = pledging loyalty to someone
- oath of fealty = just an oath you say when you give homage
What is royal demesne
- land the king kept for himself
3 features of knight service
- serve in the kings army for atleast 2 months from his own expense
- 40 days of service in guarding the lords castle and in training
- if the king is captured, help pay the ransom
4 features of labour service (peasents)
- Villeins had to work on certain days of the week known as 'week work'
- villeins have to help with gathering for in the harvest known as 'goon work'
- cotters worked one day a week on their lords lands
- freemen didnt work, they paid rent
what is forfeiture and explain with an example
- if a vassel didnt follow his oath by performing his services to his lord, he could get his land taken away
- land then given to a better vassel
- for example, knight not turning up to battle
how was the pope influential on the people
- people had to participate in servies to go heaven
- people donated land and money in their wills to get to heaven
3 features of the church
- owned about 20% of the land in england, which the performed services on {burials baptisms marriages)
- important churchmen had to supply king with some knights
- most of the churchmen were educated and could read and write
why did the king want to maintain good relations with the church?
-the clergy (bishops, priests etc) regarded the pop as the supreme leader; not the king
- king wanted to be recognised as the supreme ruler however:
- clergy could use interdict (withdrawal of church servies) and excommunication (someone rejected by the church, if the king had this happen, no one would follow the king, so he has to be weary)
what is primogentiure and how does this link to kingship
- primogentiure = when the oldest son of a father whos passed away inherits all the land and titles
- in the case of the king, the oldest son would become king when his father dies
what happens when a king is anointed with holy oils?
- he takes the title of king
- his outhority cannot be questioned (he has been chosen by god)
what are 3 features of the duties of the king
- main decision maker of all authoirty
- had to protect his people (IMPORTANT - he had to be a good militery leaderand lead the army) and maintain peace and fairness (from greedy fuedal lords)
- had to travel around with his court hearing cases)
how was the king displayed and why did the king need to be seen by his kingdom
- though his coronation, all important people (bishops, lords, etc) would see him
- also had 3 crown wearings in winchester, gloucester, westminister
- this allowed the people to see his power reminding them not to do wrong against the kingdom
who and how was Richard I as a king
- third son of Henry II and Eleanor of Aqitaine
- amazing warrior
what was Richards claim to the throne
- primogeniture (richard wsa the eldest son after Henry died)
- favourited by his mother
- had both wealth and power from lands in Aquitaine
- his other brother john was favourited by his father, however he had no lands when his father died
- Richard fought against his father with Philip - thought Henry would make john king
how did richard secure power
- had a coronation on 3 sep 1189
- made peace with fathers enemies
- william long champ appointed to manage the kingdom when richard went on crusade
- made his half brother a cleric as they cant become king
- made john a count and granted him lands in england
- banned his half brother and john from england for three years to prevent rebellion
what was richards character like
- great warrior
- chilvalrous
- arrogant and selfish
how was john as king
- worst king
- siezed control in Richards absence
- imposed heavy taxes in his reign
Johns claim to the throne
- last son of his father henry
- john didnt get any land but his brothers did
- richard made john lord of ireland hoever they didnt like him
- HOWEVER his was supported by his mother, WIlliam marshall (one of the greatest knights at the time), and the archibishop of Canterbury Huburt
- preferred over william longchamp
- had some experiance - fought with richard against french king in 1194 - 1199
Who was Arthur?
one of his older brothers sons
Why was Arthur a threat to johns right to the throne?
- by primogentiure, he had a better claim to the throne