Section B Empire
alexander II political change
in poland rural district councils were set up. similar to zemstva. were to contain all members of polish society.
nicholas II political change
jews and all russian muslim league gained representation in the first dumas. 1907 electoral law disregarded this.
lenin politcal change
1918 treaty of brest litovsk granted official independence to Poland ukraine and Finalnd. poland maintained independence until 1939 nazi soviet pact, finalnd had lasting independence and ukraine coudnt withstand the Red Army.
stalin political change
potsdam he persuaded USA and Britainto implement a soviet styled government across poland.the polish worker party had the support of Stalin and was the only ome you could vote for. 1936 constitution alowed memebrs of the federation to break away from the state but was tightly controlled by moscow. end of WW2 finland signed a treaty of friendship co operation and mutual asistance in 1948 and a similar treaty was signed by Mao in China.
Khrushchev political change
the secret speech provoked a demand in poland for stalinist politicians to stand down. largely agreed to their demands. 1956 Gomulka was released from prison to lead poland
Alexander II social conditions
in poland russian became the. official language of governance and adminstration and was taught in schools to consolidate it. communications with the vatican were banned. central asia largely avided russification difficult with transport, communication and culture. he allowed for some categories of Jews to live outside the pale of settlement.
alexander III social conditions
mini pogrom called little thunder by an anti-sematic group called the Holy League. other reprssive measures include banning jews from buying land in prosperous areas, removed from the electoral register for the zemtva.
nicholas II social conditions
in Finland russian became the main language their seperate army was disbanded and the Finnish state secretariat was abolished.
lenin social reform
1924 new constitution formerly created USSR. each republic allowed its own government and flag but sornarkom was at the centre.
stalin social reform
by WW2 stalin had banned jewish religion and closed jwish institutions.
Khrushchev social reforms
in poland peasants were allowed to leave collective farms to set up independent small holdings and the catholics were allowed to teach in schools. VLC in central asia was unpopular as indigeunous people felt swamped by immagrants.
alexander II how unrest was dealt with
polish revolt 1863 disruption in the countryside was put down in 64 by Russian army. rebel leaders captured and exectued
lenin how unrest was dealth with
Georgia gained independence in 1920 but in 1921 it was retaken by red army
stalin how unrest was dealt with
those who questioned soviet styled rule like the catholics and trade unions were arrested. 1950 30,000 workers striked and were sent to the concentration camps. 1952 doctors plot ended 15 jewish leaders shot. titos yugoslavia achieved autonomy and resisted stalins attempts to interfere. he didnt like the overcentralised government. expelled from cominform 1948 tito gained international monetary fund from the west. romania 1945 king forced to appoint communist prime minister. monarchy abolished 1947
khrushchev how unrest was dealt with
november 1956 tanks ordered into Hungray. leader Nagy was replaced with pro-soviet Kadar. didnt want to lessen soviet involvement in eastern europe despite destalinisation
Alexander III economy
the steepe statute 1891 was passed which granted 40 acres of land to peasant settlers in asia to establish a farm unit. no use to natives
nicholas II economy
1910 stolypin pushed for greater migration to central asia to accommodate rising peasant demands for land in european russia. surge in movements resulted in land belonging to natives being expropriated a move that was cause much resntment.
stalin economy
in poland, stalin imposed soviet style economis and social reforms such as spread o collective farms. ukraine was an important grain producing area and they opposed stalins collectvisation programme. this led to kulaks being blamed and great suffering of the people.
khrushchev econmy
in poland peasasts were allowed to leave collective farms to set up smallholdings. involved himself with central asia through VLC. did not go down well with indigenous people.