infection (emily)
infection is caused by:
invasion of microorganisms that the host cannot control
what is the infection causing agent
pathogen
what is sepsis
pathogens within blood in the entire body
what are examples of bacterial infections
c.diff, e.coli, MRSA
bacterial infections can be transported through:
air, water, food, soil, body tissues and fluid
what are examples of viral infections
covid, hiv, rhinovirus, hep a/b/c, and herpes
tinea pedis (athletes foot) and candidiasis (yeast infections) are what type of infection
fungal
malaria, mites, fleas, ticks, and toxoplasmosis are examples of what type of infection
parasitic or protozoal
what happens when infection is disseminated
spreads from initial location to another
an infection is considered chronic when it last longer than:
12 weeks
a secondary source of infection is:
when it is not initial
hai vs cai
healthcare aquired and community aquired
what are the 6 links in the chain of infection
pathogen, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, susceptible host
how long are infants protected by immunoglobins
the first 2-3 months
when do infants begin to make their own immunoglobulins
1-3 months
why are older adults at higher risk for infection
poor nutrition and mobility, and chronic illness
what delays inflammatory response and healing in older adults
decrease in CO and perfusion, loss of capillaries
in what stage of the infectious process do people show specific symptoms
illness stage
in what stage of the infectious process do treatments eliminate pathogens
convalescent stage
what occurs in the incubation period
no symptoms, can last from hours to years
what takes place in the prodromal
person is generally unwell
what are two examples of primary preventions
vaccinations and hygiene
what are two examples of secondary prevention
screening and contact tracing
what are two examples of tertiary prevention
antimicrobial therapy, and chronic disease management
what are the negative impacts of HAI's that can develop during pt stay or 48 hours after
cost, adding hospital days, and reducing admission by occupying beds
what are the 5 moments of hand hygiene
before contact, before procedure, after body fluid, after touching pt, after touching pt surroundings
contact enteric involving regular contact precautions PPE and hand hygiene with soap and water applies to what 3 infections
c.diff, noroviruses, and rotavirus
Tuberculosis, measles, chickenpox, varicella, smallpox, and SARS involve what type of precautions
airborne precautions involving hand hygiene, n-95 mask, pressure room, gown, and gloves
what are the 4 stages of the infectious process
incubation, prodromal, illness, convalescent