lipids (fats)
what is lipid the general term for?
a variety of non-polar molecules
are lipids hydrophobic or hydrophillic?
hydrophobic
what are lipids made of
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
lipids havw fewer_ and more _ bonds
O atoms, C-H Bonds
what are the fibe mainncategories of lipids?
fatty acids, fats/tryglycerides, phospholipids, steroids, waxes
what are fatty acids?
a hydrocarbon chain that ends with an acidic carboxyl group COOH
can fatty acida be saturated or unsaturated?
borh
what is saturated structure look like?
no double bonds between carbona
what does unsaturated atoms look like
one or more double bonds between carbon atoms
what are the sidferences between satirated va unsaturated?
saturated
-solid
-from animals
-meat, butter, dairy
unsaturated
-liquids
-plants
-nuts,oils, avocados
what are triglycerides importance
energy storage
what are tryglycerides?
a storage form of lipids composed of one glycerol molecule and 3 fatty acud molecules bonded by ester linkage
how are trans fats made and why add rhem to food?
made by addinf hydrogen atoms to a liquid unsaturated fat to make it more solid.
they do this to keep it from goong bad (longer edivle food
time)
why are lipids important?
very effecient enerfy storage molecule
this enerfy is used sfter carbohydrates energy is used
insulate our body
protective cushion
component of cell membrane
what are phospholids
main component of cell membranes
how are phospohilids kade up?
one glycerol molecule, 2 fatty acids and a phosphaye group + R Group
which end of a phospholid is polar?
the head (phosphate end)
which end of a phospholid is non polar
the tail (fatty acid chain)
what is easential for phospholids to surive in an aqupus enviornment
a lipid bilayer
how are steroids composed?
four carbon based rings attached to each other
what is an example
of a steorid?
cholesterol - component of cell mbrsne, found in vlood of animals (precurosrr to other steroids such as sex hormones)
what can high cholesterol form
build up in the lining of blood vessels
what are waxes
waxes are lipids composed of long carbon- based chains that are solid at room temperature
are waxes in plants or animals
both
plant - leaves
animals - water repelling coating on skin. bees produce beeswax
where in the bodu would tryglycerides be
belly, hips
what linkages are present in a tryglyceride
3 ester
what functional groups are present in a phospholipid
phosphate
what linkages are present in a ohospholipid
ester
what functional group is present in a sterol atom
hydroxyl
how migjt tou distinguish a sterol from other types of lipids
rings
what linkages are present in a wax molecule
ester
how might you distinguish a wax from other types of lipids
carbon chains