Hållbar utveckling instuderingsfrågor tenta
What is the definition of sustainable development according to the united nation?
Development that meets the needs of present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
What are the three energy resources?
Flow resource: Newly created regardless how much we use.
Fund resources: Newly formed if they are not used to a large extend.
Stock resources: Only newly created over geological time.
Flow resource
Newly created regardless how much we use
Fund resource
Newly formed if not used to a large exctend
Stock resource
Only newly created over geological time.
What happens with the nitrogen cycle when we use artificial fertilizer in agriculture?
More nitrogen is being added to the cycle so the cycle gets unbalanced. This could cause eutrophication in lakes and oceons.
Why is topsoil a limitd resource?
Because of intensive farming, it affects the ability of the soil to recreate itself.
What is true about education of women?
Education of women is associated with reduced birth rates.
What are the two critical differences between agenda 2030 and SEO?
Agenda 2030 covers global while SEO covers national goals. Agenda 2030 covers all the three dimensions. Ecological, economical and social and SEO covers the ecological part.
What is the aim of the swedish enviromental legislation?
To promote sustainable development which will ensure a healthy and sound environment for present and future generations.
What is the defenition of biodiversity?
It is the variety of all living organisms and their interactions
What are the three main levels of biodiversity?
Genetic diversity. Species diversity. Ecosystem diversity.
Why is biodiversity crucial for the stability of ecosystems and human well-being?
Biodiversity is essential for the processes that support all life on Earth, including humans. Without a wide range of animals, plants and microorganisms, we cannot have the healthy ecosystems that we rely on to provide us with the air we breathe and the food we eat. Without biodiversity we wont have an ecosystem
What poses a threat for biodiversity?
Habitat loss, overexploitation and climate changes.
What is true about the greenhouse effect?
The greenhouse effect is necessary for life on earth.
What is resilience?
It refers to the ability of an ecosystem to resist changes and recover from disturbance.
What is the new geological era called?
The anthropocene
How many globes does sweden need?
4.2
What is Earth Overshoot Day?
It is the day we have used all of the earths ecological resources.
What is the standard that provides guidelines for conducting a life cycle assessment?
1. Definition of the goal of the LCA. 2. The inventory analysis. 3. Enviromental analysis. 4. Interpretation of the results.
What is two benefits for manufacturing company of doing life cycle assessment for their products?
Less waste, knowledge, helps with a good brand reputation.
What is the difference between linear and circular flows?
Linear is when we use raw material to make a product and when we are done using it we throw it away. Circular is when we reuse old material to make a new product and then when we used the product we recycle and reuse
How does combustion of fossil fuels and other organic material affect the nitrogen cycle?
It does so nitrogen oxides goes into the atmosphere and it makes formaitons of things like smog and acid rain.
What is a farming system where only one type of crop is grown called?
Monocultural farming
No poverty
Agenda 2030
Zero hunger
Agenda 2030
Good health and well-being
Agenda 2030
Quality education
Agenda 2030
Gender equality
Agenda 2030
Clean water and sanitation
Agenda 2030
Affordable and clean energy
Agenda 2030
Decent work and economic growth
Agenda 2030
Industry, innovation and infrastructure.
Agenda 2030
Reduced inequalities
Agenda 2030
Sustainable cities and communities
Agenda 2030
Responsible consumption and production
Agenda 2030
Climate action
Agenda 2030
Life below water
Agenda 2030
Life on land
Agenda 2030
Peace, justice and strong institusitons
Agenda 2030
Partnerships for the goals
Agenda 2030
Reduced climate impact
SEO
Clean air
SEO
Natural acidification only
SEO
A non-toxic enviroment
SEO
A protective ozone layer
SEO
A safe radiation enviroment
SEO
Zero eutrophication
SEO
Flourishing lakes and streams
SEO
Good-Quality groundwater
SEO
A balanced marine enviroment flourishing coastal areas and archipelagos
SEO
Thriving wetlands
SEO
Sustainable forests
SEO
A varied agricultural landscape
SEO
A magnificent mountain landscape
SEO
A good built enviroment
SEO
A rich diversity of plant and animal life
SEO
What can the society do with resources to enable sustainable development?
We need to decrease(minska) the use of stock resource and at the same time increase(öka) the use of flow resources.
What is economical growth?
It refers to the increase in the product of goods and services over a period of time. It is usually measured by the rise of GDP or GNP
When did we first define sustainable development and by who?
1987, the world commission developed brundtland commission
What are the ecological factors?
Stable climate, biodiversity, stable and resilient ecosystems. ecosystem service and non toxic enviroment.
What are the social factors?
Equality, human rights, gender equality, democracy and justice.
What are the economic factors?
Raw material availability, gross domestic product (GDP), sustainable economic growth, production and trade in balance, profitability of products.
What is sustainable development?
We are living above our assets today. Living sustainably means that in the long term we do not use more resources that we have access to.
What is Global reporting initiativean
an international organization that provides a framework for organizations to report on their environmental, social and governance performance. They were founded in 1997.
what are the corporate social responsibility?
a self-regulation business model that helps companies be socially accountable to itself, its stakeholders and the public.
What is the iron law of responsibility?
is were the social powers of corporations that is given by society can be taken away if they are not using it responsibly. It is a critical concept in the understanding of corporate governance and social responsibility.
What are The precautionary principle?
something you use for guiding when managing risks in fields like environmental protection, public health and technology. It measures the scientific evidence.
What is The proactionary principle
is an approach that encourages taking preventive actions to anticipate and address potential issues before they become significant problems.
Climate change and sustainable development
impact of climate change poses challenges to achieving sustainable development and it is one of the most significant threats to achieve the united nation sustainable development goals. COP is a annual meeting where a representative from the countries that signed the agreement in rio. They gather to discuss how they will achieve the paris agreement that is landmark addressing to climate change and its impact.
Gender quality and sustainable development
gender equality is a goal in agenda 2030 and it goes across every dimension of sustainable development, social, ecologic and economic. It means providing equal rights.
Monoculture,
agriculture practice where a single crop species is grown in a particular field over a large scale.
Ecological footprint
A measure of the amount of resources that a human consumes through their way of life. It measures the amount of nature required to provide a human with food, residence, clothes, transports and more. This has increased about 170% over the last 60 years. If we were to divide the biological productive area of the earth by the number of people, each of us would have a maximum of 1,6 hectares. Global average footprint in 2020= 2.5 hectare. The global consumption means that we live as we have about 1,75 planets and in Sweden 4 planets.
Polyculture
is a sustainable farming practice that focuses on growing diverse crops in the same space offering numerous ecological and economical benefits.
Eutrophication
is a process where a body of water becomes too enriched with nutrients, often nitrogen and phosphorus. This could lead to environmental effects.
Topsoil
the uppermost layer of soil. it is critical component for ecosystem healt. To much agriculture destroys the topsoil.
Greenhouse effect,
is how we trap heath on earth with certain gases, the ozone prevents some from going out. We could not live on earth without it.
Fossil energy,
energy derived from fossil fuels like oil and natural gas. It is a major contributor to climate change and environmental degradation.
Ecosystem services
is the benefits that human gets from ecosystems, such as clean water, air and pollination. Having a good ecosystem is crucial to sustainable development.
Eco-Economic decoupling
the process of separating economic growth from environmental degradation, where economic development occurs without increasing the environmental harm.
Planetary boundaries,
a goal is to identify the nine regulating processes quantitative boundaries was defined.
Environmental problems,
climate change, biodiversity loss, deforestation, air pollution. Enviromental justice and equity.
Krav, ecolabelling.
Organiclally, no commercial fertilizer, no chemical pesticides, energy use, environment nature and culture protection, packaging and waste managing, material selektion, social responsibility and GMO prohibition.
Fairtrade ecolabelling,
Reasonoble economic conditions, investment in local communities, child labour and discrimination are counteracted, democracy and organization promoted, enviromental consideration and organic product is promoted.
Svanen ecolabeling,
develops criterias from a lifecycle perspective from raw material to waste.
MSC ecolabeling,
marine stewardship council. Viable fish stocks, protect the marine environment, god management traceability.
FSC ecolabeling
Forest stewardship council, international non-profit organization. Zero deforestation, fair wage and work environment, community rights and support to change from preservation to conservation.
The links between economic development, urbanization and sustainable development,
Urbanization usually occurs as a result of economic development, with people moving to cities where jobs, education, and other public services are available. In turn, urbanization further drives economic growth by promoting technological development, industry, and the service sector. However, rapidly growing cities bring problems such as pollution, overuse of resources, and social inequalities. To avoid these issues, it is necessary for cities to grow and develop sustainably. This means finding a balance between economic progress, the responsible use of natural resources, and ensuring social justice, thus creating cities that are both sustainably productive.
Millennium development goals
were msde in 2000. It consists of 8 goals with the aim of addressing critical global challenges. The time frame was 2000-2015. They were foucest mostly on poverty reduction and basic human development.
Agenda 2030
consists of 17 global goals that covers all of the three sustainable development factors, ecological, social and economical. It was adopted by all of the UN member states in 2015.
The sustainable development goals
forms the core of the goals in agenda 2030. They address the main challenges faced by the world as environmental protection, social equality, economic growth and peace.
The swedish environmental objectives
is the national goals of sweden. there are 16 national goals adopted by the swedish government, they only covers the ecological factor.
The swedish environmental code,
Miljöbalken was introduced in 1999 and aims to provide a comprehensive legal framework for environmental protection. Its overall goal is to promote sustainable development by ensuring the protection of human health and the enviroment while also promote economic development.
Responsibility for the swedish environmental objectives
are distrubuted across different levels of government and sectors with different actors at the national, regional, local and private levels.
COP meetings
are critical in advancing sustainable development it provide a so called platform set to aspiring climate goals and ensure that climate action is integrated into th broader sustainable development agenda. The paris agreement creates an foundation for this.
Education in sustainable development,
helps rase awareness about the challenges we face such as climate change, biodiversity loss and more.
Legislation for sustainable development.
Plays a role in setting the legal and regulatory framework that is needed to protect natural resources, promote social equity and to ensure that economic growth is achieved sustainably.
Thechnical development
offers the tools and innovation we need to reduce the environmental impact of human activitys. It improves efficiency and support the transition to more sustainable systems in energy, agriculture, industry and cities.
Population growth and increased consumption
makes it harder to achieve sustainable development. They lead to resource depletion, environmental degradation and climate
The anthropocene
is a proposed geological epoch. It can be describes as the time during which humans have had a substantial impact on our planet.
LCA
stands for life cycle assessment.
ISO
international organisation for standardization