behaviour of metals
physical properties of metals
-strong -malleable -ductile -sonorus (make ringing sound when struck) -high density
chemical properties of metals
-react with dilute acid to form salts
-form oxides when miced with oxygen
-compounds form ionic compounds
pysical properties of non-metals
-low melting points -brittle -do not conduct electricity or heat -solid non-metals have low density
chemical properties of non-metals
-form acid oxides when mixed with oxygen -form ionic compounds when mixed with metals -form covalent bonds with other non-metals
how to compare reactivity of metals
react them with the same reactant
metals reaction of water
potassium is the most reactive metals only potassium, sodium and calcium produce hydroxide the rest produce insoluble acids
how is hydrogen displaced
when a metal is more reactive than hydrogen it has a stronger drive to exist as a compound
how does metal compete with carbon
if carbon is more reactive than the metal it will reduce into their oxides to metal -if carbon is less reactive than metal no reaction will occur
how do metals compete for oxygen with other metals
a metal will reduce oxides of less reactive metals this reduction is exothermic and the metal itself is oxidised
metal displacement
a metal displaces a less reactive metal from a solution of its compound
compare metals drive to form ions
a more reactive metal loses electrons more easily to form ions
key points about the reactivity series
-list metals in order of drive to lose electrons -metal reacts with less reacive metal compounds by replacing the less reactive metal -the more reactive the metal the more stable the gas - the more reactive a metal the harder it is to extract ores
word equation for rusting
iron + water = hydrated iron (ii) oxide
ways to prevent rusting
-cover iron or steel -let a different metal corrode instead
what can be used to cover iron or steel to prevent rusting
-paint -grease -plastic -another metal
define sacrificial protection
covering iron or steel in a more reactive metal as it has a bigger driver to give up electrons