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Islam terms

Ahl al-Kitab

“people of the book,” a reference mostly to Jews and Christians.

Allah

the Arabic name for God, derived from al (the) ilah (god).

Dhimmi

The protection of non muslims under muslim rule

Fatwa

formal legal opinion, or ruling of Islamic law

Fiqh

Islamic jurisprudence. (Philosophy or theory of law)

Fitnah

this battle was the first in a civil war among Muslims, marking the opening of the gates of fitnah, or CIVIL DISCORD, which later became the basis for many political theories in Islam.

Fitrah

the innate goodness of human nature.

Tabwah

to turn toward God in repentance.

Hadith

written reports of the Prophet’s sayings and actions.

Qadar

divine predestination.

Hijra

the migration of Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Medina in 622, the beginning of the Islamic calendar.

Muhajirun

emigrants from Mecca to Medina who were the first converts to Islam.

Ummah

a Muslim community.

Ijtihad

independent juristic reasoning

Islam

submission to the will of God (Allah).

Jahiliyyah

the pre-Islamic age of ignorance in Arabia

Jihad

struggle in the path of God against one’s own evil inclinations and against corruption and oppres- sion in the world

Ka'aba

the house of God, the sacred sanctuary and pilgrimage site in Mecca believed to have been built by Adam and later rebuilt by Abraham and his son Ishmael.

Kalam

Systematic theology "The stidy of devine speech"

sunnah

literally, “trodden path,” referring to the life- style or way of the Prophet Muhammad

ulema

scholars of Islam.

Khalifah

“vice-regent of God” or leader of the Muslim state.

kufic

refers to a form of Arabic calligraphy that was developed in Kufa, Iraq.

Qu'ran

literally “recitation,” the sacred scripture of Islam, believed to have been revealed by God to the Prophet Muhammad through the Archangel Gabriel

Shirk

: to associate partners with the one God (Allah)

tawhid

monotheism, or the worship of one God, from “to make one.”

Ridda

apostasy, or turning away from a religion.

Shahadah

the Islamic statement of faith: “There is no god but God, and Muhammad is the Messenger of God.”

shari'ah

sacred law as revealed in the Qur’an and the Sunnah.

sugar house

A “sugar-house” or “sugar shack” is the English name for the French “cabane à sucre,” usually family-owned homes and restaurants where maple syrup and other related maple-products are made and sold.

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