Understanding the self
the study of acquiring knowledge through rational thinking and inquiries that involves in answering questions regarding the nature of existing of man and the world we live in
philosophy
it is defined as a "unified being" essentially connected to consciousness awareness and agency
self
his philosophy underlies in the importance of the notion KNOWING ONESELF
socrates
he said that the unexamined life is not worth living
socrates
a student of socrates and he does followed idea of socrates NO THYSELF
plato
he said that psyche (soul) is our core
plato
the part of the person that is driven by desire and need to satisfy oneself
appetitive soul
courageous part. one who wants to do something or to the right the wrongs that they observe
spirited soul
the drive of our lives. it decides what to do, when to do it and the possible results one could have depending on their actions
rational soul
he quoted that humans are rational animals
aristotle
he believes that the psyche and the body is only one
aristotle
soul for plants
vegetative soul
these two kinds of soul possessed by the animals and human beings
sensitive soul and rational soul
senses we are use
sensitive soul
how does an animal uses its brain in critical thinking
rational soul
he believes that the teaching of the church and establishing our sense of self with god identifies the essence of our existence
St. Augustine
he quoted "cogito ergo sum"
rene descartes
he is the father of modern philosophy
rene descartes
he is known to be the proponent of the methodical doubt, he explained that the more with think and doubt what we perceive from our senses, leads to better understanding ourselves
rene descartes
he quoted "tabula rasa (blank slate)"
john locke
he stated that a person is born with knowing nothing and that is susceptible to stimulation and accumulation of learning from experiences
john locke
he explained that the self is the accumulation of different impressions
david hume
he said that impressions and behavior are only part of ourselves
immanuel kant
for him there is no permanent self because impressions of things are based from our experiences where we can create our IDEAS and KNOWLEDGE
david hume
he stated that the mind and body are united to define self
gilbert ryle
he stated that man is a ghost in the machine
gilbert ryle
it is one of the four levels of self: knowing oneself
basic awareness
it is one of the four levels of self: responsible for controlling our impulses
self controlling awareness
one of the four levels of self: aware of the changes of feelings. ability to understand instinctively without analytic thinking
intuitive awareness
one of the four levels of self: aware on achieving one's goal
fulfilling awareness
he is the father of psychoanalysis
sigmund freud
aspects of personality: attention is on satisfaction of one's need and self gratification ____ is driven by the pleasure principle
id
aspects of personality: "the conscience of one's personality" doing what is morally right and socially acceptable actions
superego
aspects of personality: "the police or the mediator between the id and superego"
ego
levels of consciousness: it is where minority of our memories are being stored and the memories that are in the conscious is easier to be tapped or accessed
conscious
levels of consciousness: it is the middle part of the entirety of our consciousness; the memories is stored in this area can still be access but with little difficulty
pre-conscious
levels of consciousness: this area is where majority of our memories since childhood are deeply stored. it is very difficult to tap the memories and would need a trained professional to resurface
unconscious
his focus is on the idea that people should improve our association and use of worth in identifying the self
paul churchland
he stated that the self is defined by the movement of our brain
paul churchland
he explained that the unity of the function of mind and the body to create or able to identify oneself
Maurice Jean Jacques Merleau-Ponty
he explained that man is composed of two parts matter or hyle and form or morphe
thomas aquinas
refers to the common stuff that makes up everything in the universe
matter or hyle
refers to the essence of substance or things
form or morphe
comes from the latin words: socius means compassion and ology which means to study of
sociology
it means compassion
socious
which means to study of
ology
it is the study of companionship
sociology
he developed the I and ME of the self
george herbert mead
it develops through interacting with others; how others perceive us and our experiences
self image
pertaining to true identity; what is out there, acting, doing things in the world
I
pertains to false self; the social self or the interacting self
me
stages of development self: where children mimic those around them
the preparatory stage
stages of development of self; where children start to play pretend and do not adhere to the roles in organized games
the play stage
stages of development of self; where children begin to formalize games because they begin to understand other people's perspective and the perspective of the generalized other
the game stage
biologically determined
sex
something that is subjected to change, alteration, and development
gender
it is the level one in kohlbergs pyramid of stages, this is where moral decisions are based on avoiding punishment or reward
reward and punishment
level one of kohlberg's pyramid of stages, this is where moral decision is based on their self interest and exchange of favors
self-interest
level 2 of kohlberg's pyramid of stages, this is where morality arises standards of a group of people such as family or the community
conformity/pleasing others
level 2 of kohlberg's pyramid of stages, this is where moral reasoning goes beyond the use of approval of the conformity stage
law and order
level three of kohlberg's pyramid of stages, this is where moral decisions are based on the principles of justice and individual rights
social contract
level three of kohlberg's pyramid of stages, principle of morality; conflict of the social laws
principle
this is where human happiness can be achieved only when individuals can satisfy their needs and desires without infringing on the right of others to do the same
social statistics
to obtain full satisfaction, one must derive pleasure from seeing pleasure in others
social statistics
basic laws of ethics and morality, extension of laws in the natural world
principles of ethics
once physical and break biological realms are discovered, human should obey them and cease trying to construct, through political legislation, social forms of violates this law
moral dictum
this is where you make your own law to limit your freedom
scientific position
he explained the social learning theory
albert bandura
people's belief about their capabilities to produce designated levels of performance that exercise influence over events that affect their lives
self-efficacy
this belief determines how people feel, think, motivate themselves and behave
self efficacy
one of the four main sources of self-efficacy; this is where successes build a robust belief in one's personal efficacy. A resilient sense of efficacy requires experience in overcoming obstacles to perseveranct effort
mastery experience
one of the four main sources of self-efficacy; provided by social models seeing people similar to oneself succeed by sustained effort raises of servers belief that they do too
vicarious experience
one of the four main sources of self-efficacy; where people who are persuaded verbally that they possess a capabilities to master given activities are likely to mobilize greater effort and sustain it
social persuasion
one of the four main types of social efficacy: where people rely partly on where somatic and emotional states in charging their capabilities. they interpret their stress reactions and tensions is a sign of vulnerability to poor performance
psychological responses
who uses the term impression management to present ourselves to others as we hope to be perceived. in his theory of dramaturgical analysis he argued that people leave their lives much like actors performing on a stage
Erving goffman
one of the major agents of socialization: it is considered as the more important agent of socialization, and this is where connection build first
family
one of the major agents of socialization; its purpose is to transfer subject knowledge and teach life skills
school
one of the major ages of socialization; this is where interaction with children's lean concepts of self, gain social skills and form values and attitudes
peers
one of the major agents of socialization; this is where a young person spends almost 7 hours per day immersed in media in various forms
media
major agents of socialization; this is where children tend to develop the same religious beliefs as their parents
religion
he explained the concept "through the looking glass"
charles horton cooley
the study of all the aspect of human condition
anthropological view of self
refers how genetic an individual's personality
nature
the person environment impacts their development
nurture
to find a system of behavior and beliefs
culture
transmission of culture from one generation to the next
enculture
french anthropologist that explain that self has two faces
marcel mauss
refers to a person's sense of who he is, his body, his basic identity and his biological givenness
moi
which tackles that every sector in a community or society should cooperate to have a well balanced living
total social phenomenon
compose of the social concept of what it means to be who he is
personne
has something to do with culture, and is ingrained in the culture
language