CONSTRUCTION
Material in its natural state before disturbance. Often referred to as " in place" or "in-situ". A unit volume is identified as BCM
Bank
Material that has been excavated or loaded. A unit volume is identified as a LCM
Loose
Material after compaction. A unit volume is identified as a CCM (compacted cubic meter)
Compacted
A soil increases in volume when its excavated because the soil grains are loosened excavation and air fills the void space created.
Swell
When a soil is compacted, some of the air is forced out of the soil's void spaces. As a result, the soil will occupy less volume than it did under eithe the bank or loose conditions. This phenomenon, which is reverse of the swell phenomenon, is called shrinkage.
Shrinkage
A soil's ___ is the angle that the sides of the spoil bank or pile naturally form with the horizontal when excavated soil is dumped onto the pile.
Angle of Repose
If the pile of material is long in relation to its width, it is referred to as spoil bank.
Triangular Spoil Bank
If the material is dumped from fixed position, a spoil pile is created which has conical shape.
Conical Spoil Pile
Is defined as a power driven digging machine. The major types used earthmoving operations include hydraulic excavators and the members of cable-operated crane-shovel family (shovels, draglines, hoes and clamshells).
Excavator
The bucket volume contained within the bucket when following the outline of the bucket sides.
Plate line Capacity
The bucket capacity when the load is struck off flush with the buckets sides.
Struck capacity
The bucket assumes a level of material flush with the lowest edge of the bucket, The material levels that would result if the bucket were filled with water.
Water line Capacity
The maximum volume that can be placed in the bucket without spillage based on a specified angle of repose for the material in the bucket.
Heaped Volume
Represents the travel time required for a unit material to unloading site and return.
Variable Time
Represents those components of cycle time other than travel time.
Fixed Time
This is primarily due to tire flexing and penetration of the travel surface.
Rolling Resistance
Represents the component of vehicle weight which acts parallel to an inclined surface.
Grade Resistance