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biology

what is carrying capacity

maximum number of individuals an environment can support sustainably

what is an ecosystem

community of organisms and their physical envirojment inyeracting together

what is mutation

a random change in the DNA sequence of an organism, causing new phenotypes. usually caused by an error in mitosis or meiosis proccess.

what is natural selection

begins with variations amongst individuals and acts on an already existing mutation, leaving the offspring with advantageous traits to help it live longer. DOES NOT DEVELOP. over generations, it causes a change in populations, helping species adapt.

what is gene drift

when some traits of a species slowly decrease over time and eventually disappear/ go extinct. similar to bottleneck effect

gene pool

collection of all forms of genes/alleles in a population of a particular species. ALL DIFFERENT VARIATIONS OF THE GENE MAKE UP THE GENE POOL.

what is the chemocal equation of photosynthesis

6CO(2) + 6H(2)O + light energy ➡️ C(6)H(12)O(6) + 6O(2)

what is the photosynthesis chemical equation in words

carbon dioxide + water + light energy ➡️ glucose + oxygen

what is the chemical equation for cellular respiration

C(6)H(12)O(6) + 6O(2)➡️6O(2)+6H(2)O+ATP(energy)

what is the chemical eqution for cellular respiration in words

glucose+oxygen➡️carbon dioxide+water+energy(ATP)

what is a homologous structure

same structure but different function

what os an analagous structure

different structure but same function

homologous structures use divergent evolution

true

analogous structure use convergent evolution

true

what is a taxon

any classifactory group

the taxa with the highest diversity amongst its organisms is species

false, highest diversity is kingdom. least diversity is species,

how many chromosomes do chimpanzees have?

48

what is a binomial naming system?

2 words, with genus coming first starting with an uppercase letter, and species second, starting with a lower case letter

what is the order of classification

kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

the classification order is specifoc to general

false

what factors promote natural selection

mutation, sexual reprpduction, overpopulation of offspring, environmental changes. FOR CHANGES TO OCCUR, TRAITS MUST BE HERITABLE

compare and contrast carbon source vs carbon sink

a carbon source is an organism that produces carbon and a carbon sink uses/absorbs carbon

what is biomass

the mass of all the organisms in a specific trophic level.

compare and contrast a food chain vs a food web

food chain represents the linear sequence of chemical energy (using arrows) through the trophic levels in an ecosystem. A food web shows how many consumers feed on more than one species and are eaten by more than one species.

what is energy (3 letters)

ATP

what is incomplete consumption

when organisms in a trophic level arent entirely consumed by organisms in the higher trophic level (ex: bones, hair) and the energy from these compounds are lost. Saprotrophs and Detritivores consume these and nutrients are recycled

what is incomplete digestion

when not all the parts of the food are ingested or absorbed (fibrous matter that contains cellulose) this comes put on feces and is passed on to saprotrophs and detritivores

what is cell respiration

when waste, carbon dioxide, and water cannot supply energy to the next trophic level, therefore there is less energy flow to each successive trophic level

what is heat loss

when autotrophs and heterotrophs convert some of their chemical energy into heat

what is codominance

pairs of alleles that both affect the phenotype and are shown in the heterozygote

what is a carrier

an individual that has a recessive allele of a gene that doesnt affect their phenotype

what is pure breeding

when individuals of the same phenotype produce an offspring that also have the same phenotype

describe mitosis

mitosis is the process of cell division. before mitosis begins, during interphase, the cell grows and DNA is replicated, forming sister chromatids joined at a centromere. in prophase, the chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes, the nuclear membrane breaks down, and spindle fibres form at the centromere. During metaphase, the chromosomes line up at the equator, and spindle fibres attach to their centromeres. in anaphase, the spindle fibres shorten and pull the sister chromatids apart towards opposite poles lf the cell. in telophase, the chromosomes uncoil back into chromatin, nuclear membranes reform around each set lf chromosomes, and spindle fibres disappear. finally cytokinesis makes cytoplasm divide, resulting in 2 identical daughter cells, with the same number pf chromosomes as the parent cell

describe meiosis

meiosis creates 4 haploid gametes each with half the number of chromosomes as the original diploid cell. before meiosis starts, the DNA is copied during interphase. In meiosis 1, homologous chromosomes pair up and cross over, mixing genetic material. then the pairs are pulled apart and the cell divides into two haploid cells. In meiosis 2, the sister chromatids in each cell are seperated, similar to mitosis. this results in 4 genetically different haploid cells.

similarities of mitosis and meiosis

both go through prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
both involve seperation of chromosomes using spondle fobres

both processes divide cells

both begin with DNA replication in interphase

differences between mitosis and meiosis

- mitosis has 1 divisioj, meiosis has 2
- mitosis is asexual, meiosis is sexual

- mitosis creates diploid, meiosos creates haploid

- mitosis has no genetic variation, meiosis does have genetic variation

- crossing does not occur in mitosis but it does in meiosis

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Echauffement 2
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Td 2
Td
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Socio
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vardagliga verb
LF5
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Biomecanique 5
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Biomecanique 2
Biomecanique 1
Bio-chimie 3
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