Art Exam
early renaissance
In the Early Renaissance, which began in the 14th century, artists like Donatello and Masaccio started to explore more realistic representations of the human figure and space, laying the groundwork for future developments. Key techniques such as linear perspective were introduced, allowing for a more three-dimensional representation in art.
Masaccio created the Holy Trinity on Fresco ( interest in depth, persptive,fresco,clothing greci roman influencr move attention to favil features
Donatello created David out of bronze and st georgr, first free hand sculpture, contropssto,greco toman infleuncr
high renaissance
The High Renaissance, occurring in the late 15th to early 16th centuries, saw the peak of artistic achievement with masters like Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael. This period is characterized by a greater focus on harmony, balance, and the human experience. Artists employed techniques like chiaroscuro and sfumato to enhance the emotional depth and realism of their works.
late gothic to early renaissance
1. Perspective and Space: The late Gothic style often used a flat, two-dimensional approach, while the early Renaissance introduced linear perspective, creating a sense of depth and three-dimensionality in artwork.
2. Naturalism: Late Gothic art had a more stylized and elongated figure representation, whereas early Renaissance artists focused on naturalism, depicting human figures and landscapes more realistically.
3. Classical Influence: The early Renaissance saw a revival of classical themes and motifs from ancient Greece and Rome, contrasting with the more religious and spiritual focus of late Gothic art.
4. Humanism: The early Renaissance emphasized human experience and individualism, moving away from the primarily religious themes of late Gothic art, which often depicted saints and biblical scenes.
5. Use of Light and Shadow: Artists in the early Renaissance began employing chiaroscuro (the use of strong contrasts between light and dark) to enhance volume and depth in their paintings, a departure from the flatter lighting of late Gothic works.
6. Architecture: In architecture, the shift from the verticality and ornate details of late Gothic cathedrals to the more balanced and harmonious proportions of early Renaissance buildings, such as the use of domes and columns, marked a significant change.
These changes reflect the broader cultural shift towards humanism and the revival of classical antiquity that defined the early Renaissance.
chiarascuro
Chiaroscuro: This technique uses strong contrasts between light and dark to give the illusion of volume in modeling three-dimensional objects and figures. An example is Leonardo da Vinci's "The Madonna on the Rocks."
stufmato/aerial persoective
Sfumato/Aerial Perspective: Sfumato involves the gradual transition between colors and tones, creating a soft, blurred effect, as seen in the "Mona Lisa." Aerial perspective refers to the technique of creating depth by depicting distant objects as lighter and less detailed, evident in works like "The Last Supper."
linear perspective
Linear Perspective: This technique creates the illusion of depth on a flat surface by converging lines towards a single vanishing point. A prime example is "The School of Athens" by Raphael, where the architecture leads the viewer's eye into the depth of the scene.
facial features differ from late gotgic to high renaissance
In the Late Gothic period, facial features in paintings were often stylized and lacked realism, with elongated forms and exaggerated expressions. In contrast, High Renaissance artists focused on naturalism, portraying more accurate and proportionate facial features, with a greater emphasis on individuality and emotion. For instance, Michelangelo's "David" showcases a realistic representation of human anatomy and expression.
renaissance man
The term "Renaissance Man" refers to an individual who excels in multiple fields, embodying the Renaissance ideal of a well-rounded education and skill set. Leonardo da Vinci is often cited as the quintessential Renaissance Man due to his expertise in art, science, anatomy, and engineering.
Donatello
Donatello:
- Donatello was a key figure in the early Renaissance, known for his sculptures that displayed a deep understanding of human emotion and anatomy.
- His notable works include the bronze statue of David, which was one of the first freestanding nude sculptures since greco-roman times antiquity, and st, george made out of marble
michealangelo
Michelangelo (his works and style):
- Michelangelo was a master sculptor, painter, and architect. His most famous works include the statue of David, the Sistine Chapel ceiling, and The Done if st peters
- His style is characterized by a focus on the human form, dramatic poses, and intense emotion, often conveying a sense of movement and vitality.
arcgitectuak features
High Renaissance architecture is marked by symmetry, proportion, and the use of classical elements such as columns, domes, and pilasters.
- Key features include the use of geometric shapes, harmonious proportions, and the incorporation of light and space to create a sense of grandeur.
da vinci
Da Vinci (his works and style):
- Leonardo da Vinci was a polymath known for his contributions to art, science, and engineering. His most famous paintings include the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper and madonna on the rocks
- His style is characterized by a keen observation of nature, use of sfumato (the technique of softening edges), and a focus on human emotion and expression.
pyramid composition
- Pyramid composition refers to the triangular arrangement of figures in a painting, creating a sense of stability and balance.
- Examples include The Madonna on the Rocks by Leonardo da Vinci and The School of Athens and Sistine Madonna by Raphael, where the figures are arranged to form a triangular shape that draws the viewer's eye.
the medici palace
- The Medici Palace, or Palazzo Medici Riccardi, is an example of Renaissance architecture in Florence. It features a robust, fortress-like exterior with rusticated stonework and a grand staircase.
- The interior includes beautifully decorated rooms with frescoes and ornate ceilings, reflecting the wealth and power of the Medici family.
who was the medici family
The Medici family was a powerful and influential family in Florence during the Renaissance. They were known for their patronage of the arts and played a significant role in the political and economic life of the city.
- They produced several popes and rulers, and their support helped to foster the development of Renaissance art and culture.
mannerism
Mannerism emerged in the late Renaissance, characterized by elongated forms, exaggerated poses, and a lack of clear perspective. Artists often focused on artificiality and complexity rather than harmony.
-aquired style, dramatic, theatrical, elongated, unrealistic lightinh, exaggerated muscle form,serpentia
An example is Parmigianino's "Madonna with the Long Neck," which showcases these elongated proportions and an ethereal quality.
baroque
The Baroque period, spanning the 17th century, is known for its dramatic use of light and shadow, intense emotions, and grandeur. Velázquez, a prominent Baroque painter, is known for works like "The Maids of Honour," which displays masterful use of light, a complex composition a moment in time, detaimed anatomy, and a deep exploration of perspective and reality.
neoclassism
Neoclassicism arose in the late 18th century as a reaction against the excesses of Baroque and Rococo styles. It emphasized simplicity, symmetry, and the ideals of ancient Greece and Rome.
green and roman influence, purity, clean crisp lines, smooth, political propogannda, frebch revolution, etc
Jacques-Louis David is a key figure, with works like "The Oath of Horatii," which reflects moral virtue and civic duty through its classical themes and clear structure.m, order and patriosm
romantiscm
Romanticism, emerging in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, emphasized emotion, nature, and individualism.
emotionlasm and drama, medival romancrs and other cultures
Francisco Goya's works, such as "The Third of May 1808," express deep emotional responses to war and suffering. Théodore Géricault’s "The Raft of the Medusa" captures human struggle and despair, while Jospeh Turner is known for his atmospheric landscapes, like "The Slave ship," which convey the sublime power of nature through visible brush strokes
realism
The Realism art era,focused on depicting everyday life and ordinary people rather than idealized or historical subjects. Realist artists aimed to portray the world as it was, emphasizing authenticity and social issues.
Gustave Courbet's "The Interior of My Studio" (1855) is a prime example of Realism. In this painting, Courbet presents a self-portrait in his studio, surrounded by various figures that represent different aspects of society. The composition is notable for its candid portrayal of the artist's environment, blending elements of his life with broader social commentary.
The work features a mix of people, including a peasant, a woman, and a figure in the background, each symbolizing different social classes. Courbet's attention to detail and the realistic representation of his surroundings reflect the Realist commitment to authenticity. The painting challenges the viewer to consider the role of the artist and the relationship between art and society, making it a significant work within the Realism movement. If you’d like to explore more about Courbet or any specific elements of the painting, feel free to ask!
the indistrial revolution
The Industrial Revolution:
The Industrial Revolution brought significant changes to society and culture, influencing art and architectur eith urbanization and technology. Joseph Paxton's "The Crystal Palace," built for the Great Exhibition of 1851, exemplifies innovative use of glass and iron, representing the technological advancements of the era.
the holy trinity
massccio, fresco, interest in depth, attention to detail, persception, pyramid
dome of florencr cathedral
brunelleschi, famous for dome without flying buttresses, round arch, silinar to roman
façade fir santa maria novella
leon battista alberti, grego roman influencr in style of colomns, coronthian, decorative patterntung
st george
donatello, early renaissance, first free stand sculpture, bronze
david (donatello)
dobatalleo, early renaissance, bronzr, contropasta, improvement in anatomy
primavera
botticelli, early renaissance, tempera on oanel, venus in middle, drapery (greco roman) detial in facial
birth of venus
botticelli, birth of venus, movement in hair, perorctuve, landscalr, contropasto
mona lisa
da vinci, high renaissance, ambiguous smile, portrait, three quarter oise, stufamo
the last supper
da vibci , high rebaissancr, libear perspectuve, dynamic and indivisual
madonna on the rocks
da vinci, high renaissancr, otramidal composution, chriasvuri, stufamo astnosoheric oersofvguve, foreshortebtubg
david (michealangelo)
midchalangeko, high renaissancr, contrapoasto, virbs, high tralisn
sistine chapel cheiling
mcihealangelo, high renaissance, comisishimed, hich realism, religious subjects
done of st peters
michealangelo, hugh rebaissabce, adorbed eith mosuscd abd scuptute, br ummick stonr and contrete
school of athens
rapaheal, hugh renaissancr, reminiscent of greek temptles,persoective veiwers hugh yo crbter for depth, fresco
sistine madobna
raphaeal, high renaissabce, oyramidal, grace and rltgabcr, drapery, movemrny
tenpietto
donato bramare, high renaissance, classic roman argcitecture (coloumbs curved roof summetty and proportion, pikasters and freize
villa capra (la rotunda)
andrea palladio, high rebaissance, coliund , ciry ka rotunda, summrtrry
arnolfini and his bride
jan van eyck, northerrn rebeaisce, oil, symbols of dog cabdlr shoes and fryit
decent from the cross
roger can der wetden, northern renaissance, phyramidal composiialn, huglu detailed, croded figurds, bright colors
the french ambassords
hans holbein, northern renaissance, didtorudrf, ynflstterung realism, symbolism
the flight into egyoy
albrecht duher, northern rebaisancce, woodcyt grsving, croeded imsafe,
self portrait
alvrechurt duher, northern renaisance, first atidt document of slef oirtrait, silverooit
the burial of count orgaz
el greco, mannerism, light and datk, ohytamif conpostion, chiaracuro
madonna eith the long neck
parmigianino, mannerism, traigbualr, exaggetrfd, elongated form, more style then subject nattrr, thestrical
st ivo
borromini, baroque, movement by symmetry, concave convex form,
sab carlo (alle quattro fontane)
borromini, baroque, symnetry, perspective, greek inflrynce, oute white
david (berini)
berini, barouqe, matvle, used own face, dynamic all sides, moment in time, chiars yro, complex antomy
baldacchio
berini, baroque, bronze, inside st peters vattican, twistef colonns greek ibfleybce, religioys
david witthe head of goliath
caravaggio, baroque,religious, extreme chiarscrui, foreshortebtubh of srm, thestrical, minent in time
the callung of st matthew
carravagio, barqoue, chiarcuro, moment of time
judith and her maidserve t
artemesia genteildchi, baroque, foreshortebing, chiarscuro
the maids of hinir
diego velasquez, baroque, moment in time, detailed anatomy
girk with the pearl earing
johannes vemerr, baroque, realism, chiars uro, tecturr, delicate
oath of the horatii
jacques louis david, neoclassical, no brushstrokes, precise outlines, greek and roman dubject mattrr, refldct frencg politxi s, arch and greek coloums and garments, pyramidal composition, patruosm
napolean 1 on hus imperial throne
dominique ingres, beoclassical, clean crisp lines, propoganda took. made emoeror himself
tomb of the counteds maria christina
anyonio canova, beocladsical, marble, riman funeral, comoosition organizTion pyramidal shape with mara christina at apex of traunsgle
moticello
thomas jefferson, neocladsical, greek and roman ingleunce (ar hes, rothna colombs oedimdndg symmetrical dimokicity and balacr
raft of the medusa
theodore gericumt, romantism, o, chiarscuro, opyramid, poerr of nature, foreshortetbung
the third of may
francusco goya, romantism, over ome ootedsuib gine if french revoltiobtrue events, chriascuro
liberty of the leading peope
eugene delacroix, romantiscm,chriascuri, pyramid, patriotuc oolitical and dramatic
slave ship
joseph tyrner, romantuscn, true rvents, visibme brush dtrokes, dramafic intendity
the gleabers
jean fracois millet, realidm, simple dignity, shies pessrnts as digbified peiple
the thurd class carriage
hinore daumier, reakism, shiws urvand envuornent, loeet class featured
interior of my stydio
gustave courbet, realism, various thoes of oeipke, different so ual class, working in left
the fifer
ediuar manet, relIdm, breakd dramagic ligjt + sharply focus backgrounds, free of shadow