African American History: American Revolutionary War for Independence Era
Lexington and Concord April 1775
Ticonderoga
Bunker Hill
Long Island
White Plains
Trenton
Princeton
Bennington
Brandywine
Stillwater
Bemis Heights
Saratoga
Red Bank
Monmouth
Rhode Island
Savannah
Stony Brook
Fort Griswold
Eutaw Springs
Yorktown
20 Battles fought from 1775 - 1781. What was this historical events called ?
War for Independence
Formerly called the Committee on Safety of Massachusetts , this organized establishment in May 1775 decided on the enlistment of African cognate freeman to serve in the Armed forces after witnessing their military combat and manifested patriotism in the preceding Battles of Lexington & Concord, Ticonderoga, &;Bunker Hill in Massachusetts. Note forcthose slaves who fought in the aforementioned wars were immediately manumitted inorder to serve in military. Yet , this Committee mandates summoned andcevoked only the freeman to qualify for military services to the exclusion of slaves . This committee of patriots and wrestled the control ofcthe Thirteen Colonies from the Royal officials . Its recruitment of minority served as a model for the Continental Congress who eventually gained dominion over the Patriot Army .
Hancock and Warren Committee
He was a slave in Framington , Massachusetts who was Freed by Master Major Lawson Buckminster to join the Framingham Militia. Subsequently , he enlisted in the Continental Army where he served for 5 yrs. He bravely distinguished himself as a musket armed soldier who slaughtered the British Major Pitcairn at the Battle of Bunker Hill.
This celebrated military combat occurred on 17 June 1775 . He later received commendation for his patriotism . In the aftermath of the War for Independence, he settled his life as a married person and acCane weaver . Despite the slaveowners' enlistment of slaves into the American Revolutionary War , a vast majority ofcthe masters reneged on their promise of freedom and the war hero returned as Durante Vita slaves . Yet , this solier remained Free .
Peter Salem
The Continental Congress nominated this man to command the Continental Army. Prior to the Dunmore's Proclamation, he at the Council of War decreed as a military policy for the prohibition of all men of African ancestry , whether free or slave , from serving in the Military. This order as issued to the military recruiting officers became effective on 09 July 1775 . There was a barred enlistment of "...any deserter from the ministerial Army , nor any stroller , negro , or vagabond , or person suspected of being an enemy to liberty of America nor under eighteen years of age..." ( John Hope Franklin, Up From Slavery to Freedom : A History of Negro Americans ) .
George Washington
What Massachusetts Battle began the Ear for Independence on 19 April 1775 ?
Lexington and Concord
This was the Virginia Port where the British General Cornwallis surrendered to the American Revolutionary forces and final conflict . What was this last and final Battle fought in 1781 , which prepared thexTreaty of Paris ?
Yorktown
This Barbadian born and Massachusetts domicile fought in the War for Independence. Later , he became an Abolitionist who also founded the African Masonic Lodge as a fraternal organization .
Prince Hall
Where was Commander General Washington victory against the British in the Battle of Rhode Island?
Newport
He was one of the only African American serving in an all White men Massachusetts company and regiment . The Officers acknowledged his gallant soldiers expertise and presented their observations at the Massachusetts General Court . He later received commendation .
Salem Poor
His Xenophobic appeal to the Continental Congress to discharge , expunge , and rid all Army of Negroes. This South Carolinian made this movement claim on 26 September 1775 . Southern delegates rendered support of his demand . Yet , he list by one point ☝️ to the Council of War composite of Major Generals Putnam , Lee , & Ward and several Brigadier generals who reconsidered the utilitarian services of Black's . Again , Washington adamantly re-emphasized his prohibited enlistment of those of African ancestry. Washington subconsciously advocated this South Carolinian man's appeal .
Edward Ruteledge
Lord Dunmore , the Governor of Virginia , issued this decreed Proclamation and was signed by his earl , John Murray . It declared Martial Law and summoned all Negroes, whether free , indentured , or slave to join the Majesty Army in support of Britain's cause . The Lord promised them of freedom upon military duties . Its issuance transpired on 27 November 1775 to the alarm of George Washington who later & partially reversed his own Military enlistment policy . Dunmore created the Ethiopian Regiment that had drawn a substantial number of Black Loyalists . Its stratagem was primarily militaristic versus morally humanitarianistic .
Dunmore's Proclamation
The last 18th Century C.E Imperial struggle between Great Britain and France , which led to the decisive British victory. It spanned from 1754 A.D. to 1763 A.D. Alternatively , called the Seven Years War ( Wars for Empire ) .
French and Indian War
A Tax imposed on Business , rather than directly on Consumers . It was designed in Confronting the National Debt .
Indirect Tax
Colonists in America who were loyal to Great Britain 🇬🇧. Statistically , one third ofcthe 2.5 million colonists made this pledge of allegiance to Britain by roughly 20 to 30 % rather thanto the cause of I depence . The assumed roles included Royal officials and Merchants with extensive commercial partnership with Great Britain. They were the active defenders of the British Constitution.
Loyalists
A line along the Appalachian Mountains so imposed by the Proclamation of 1763 , West of which the British could NOT settle . ( The aftermath of the French and Indian War ) .
Proclamation Line
British Royal Courts without juries that settled disputes occurring at Maritime sea ( The aftermath of The French and Indian War ) .
Vice Admiralty Courts
A Tax that consumers pay directly rather than through Merchant's higher prices
Direct Tax
The Virginia Stamp Act Resolution expressed the call for the legal representation ofcthe American Colonists in the Parliament especially in the event of taxation. Otherwise , no colonist shall be taxed in the absence of a representative. Britain. , however , focused on its own war debt amortization ( liquidation ) by turning to the colonists to be taxed ( Aftermath of the French and Indian War ) .
No Taxation without Representation
05 March 1770 : the confrontation between the British soldiers and the Colonial Boston Ian's. The casualities involved 5 deaths from which Crispus Attuck became the 1st official casualty . Some viewed him as the martyr for the cause ( War for Independence ) .
Boston Massacre
Its imposition of duties on commercial consumer goods : paper , paint , lead , and obsidian or vitrified glass . These goods were imported to Britain since the colonies had no manufacturing plants .
Townshend Revenues Act of 1767
British Colonial women staged the economic embargo of the British commodities . It was the non-importation movement against British goods . ( the aftermath of the French and Indian War ) .
White Daughters of Liberty
The European Son of Liberty Samuel Adam wrote this missive demanding for representation of all taxed colonists and economic embargo of British commodities. Adam's said , " ...unconstitutionality of taxation without representation and encouraged the other colonies to boycott British goods..."
Massachusetts Circular
Here's the Chancellor and exchequer for William Pitt . His responsibilities was comprehensive of the empire's finance management and the raising of the revenues from the 13 colonies . He instituted the Townshend Revenue Act of 1767 simply to raise money for maintaining the British military presence in the colonies . One of his challenges included the oppositional New York Assembly who refused compliance with the Parliament Quartering Act . New York Assembly unanimously voted to NOT pay for the British garrisoned supplies as mandated by that Parliament Act. This person proposed the Restraining Act of 1767 by disbanding the New York Assembly until its complied payments for the British garrison supplies .
Charles Townshend
The exemption of the British East India Company produced tea from taxation. Instead , the olonists were obligatory to pay taxes after the successful importation into Britain 🇬🇧. This aligned with the Revenue Act .
The Indemnity Act of 1767
The Administration Justice Act , the Massachusetts government Act , the Port bill , and the Quartering Act were series of Parliamentary acts passed by Lord North . Collectively , these 4 Acts were schematic designs to punish Massachusetts for the deliberate destruction of the rea and for the State's failure to pay for the damages . What was this collective Omnibus term ?
Coercive Act
The name American Patriots assigned to the Coercive Acts and the Quebec Act .
Intolerable Acts
Colonial extra legal overshadow government that convened to coordinate plans of resistance against the British.
Committee of Correspondence
A Massachusetts Plan of Resistence to the Intolerable Acts as adopted by the First Continental Congress . This was used to debunk & resist the British ; its creation of the Armed Militia , Non exportation and Non Consumption Agreement
Suffolk Resolves
The loss of affection toward the White home government. By 1774 , Colonists' rejection of the Intolerable Acts as a naissant stage to create the First Continental Congress. This was a direct challenge to Lord North and British authority in the colonies .
Disaffection
A North Carolina's Declaration of Rebellion against Great Britain.
Mecklenburg Resolves