Rmass 2nd
Is an asexual reproduction commonly observed in bacteria by a separation of the body into two new bodies
BINARY FISSION
In the process of binary fission, an organism duplicates its genetic material
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA
are microscopic organisms that exist as unicellular, multicellular, or cell clusters.
MICRO-ORGANISMS
They are widespread in nature (ubiquitous) and are beneficial to life, but some can cause serious harm.
MICRO-ORGANISMS
are disease-causing microorganisms
Pathogens
Gifts of Microbes
Wine
Cheese
'Buro"(fermented food)
"Tuba"(fermented drink
TOOLS IN SCIENTIFIC WORLD
Production of antibiotics
Used in gene therapy
Tools in scientific research and biotechnology
Potential in bioremediation and renewable energy
Microbes are indispensable to life
Essential im environmental protection, sustainability, and biodiversity
understanding life and preserving nature
Understanding microbes
MAIN GROUP OF MICROORGANISMS AS APPLIED TO FOOD INDUSTRY
bacillus
coccus
spirillus
are very ubiquitous and can be found anywhere
Bacteria
Some examples of where bacterias can live and multiply
In air, soil, and water;
In gastro-intestinal tract of animals and humans;
On fruit, nuts, and vegetables;
On raw meat, poultry, and seafood;
On insects and rodents; and
On hands, skin, hair, and clothing of people.
can contaminate food, water, and surfaces but cannot multiply in food since they require a host cell to reproduce.
Viruses
Consuming raw or undercooked shellfish from polluted waters is a common source of viral food poisoning
viruses
Poor personal hygiene and contaminated water are major causes of viral outbreaks.
viruses
Though not considered complete living cells, they can cause foodborne illness once inside the human body.
viruses
including unicellular yeasts, multicellular molds, and edible and nonedible mushrooms can be found naturally in the environment.
Fungi
it can cause microbial spoilage
Yeast and molds
can cause food discoloration, unpleasant odor, and taste.
Yeasts and molds
Worms may be segmented or non-segmented
PARASITES
Can range from single-celled organisms to mature worms
PARASITES
Living organisms that depend on hosts for survival
PARASITES
Hosts of Parasites
Primary and Secondary hosts
Primary hosts
Pigs, cows, poultry, fish
Secondary Hosts
Insect, snails
parasites symptoms
Abdominal pain
Diarrhea
Vomiting
Weakness
Body malaise
Factors affecting Microbial growth in food
1. Food
2. Acidity
3.Temperature
4. Time
5. Oxygen
6. Moisture