unequal world
what has done globalisation in recent years?
has transformed the world from a collection of insolated countries into a interconnected system
explain the not equal importance of countries
80% of the global wealth is held by 20% of the global population
economic inequality produces...
- RICH GEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS: Global North
- POOR GEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS: Global South, may not even have basic necessities
countries classified by development
- Developed
- Developing
- Less developed
developed countries
have highly-developed, advanced economies. Have a high standart of living, advanced economy, increasingly urban social structures and good healthcare. Life expentancy is high, leading to an ageing population.
Developing countries
in the process of achieving the levels of wealth, infraestructure and services associated with deceloped countries
less-developed countries
underdeveloped economies: most of the population doesnt have their basic needs covered
causes of inequality
- Historical events
- Socio-political reasons
- Cultural and technological reasons
Historical events inequality
late 19th-early 20th. Much of Asia, Oceania and Africa was colonised by European powers, the United States and Japan. It helped the industrialsation of the colonial powers. though most colonies later gained independence, unequal trade and economic dependence still persist today.
socio-political reasons of inequality
many former colonies had civil wars because of religious and political problems. War, lack of freedom and rights, too many people, and bad sanitation still make development difficult.
cultural and technological reasons of inequality
illiteracy and the technological dependence of less-developed countries places them in a inferior situation.
how forign debt affects us
less developed countries often lack sufficient income to finance their expenses and ask for loans from the World Bank (International Monetary Fund) or from private businesses and the governments of developed countries
what is foreign debt and types
The loans that must be repaid
- PUBLIC DEBT: debt owned by a government
- PRIVATE DEBT: debt adquired by private entities
GDP
Gross Domestic Product, total value of the goods and services produced in a year, used to measure a countrys level of development.
Inequality in consumption
- ECONOMIC INEQUALITY: leads to differences between countries in consumption.
- POVERTY LINE: minimum income needed to meet basic living rights, part of the less developed countries population lives below it.
-LIVING IN POVERTY: when people experience more than one type of deprivation for a long period of time. 10% of the worlds population lives in extreme poverty
- DEVELOPED COUNTRIES: most of the population has access to quality goods and services. Consumption often excessive and unecessary, leads to consumerism
indicators of poverty
- HEALTH: considers the number of people suffering from malnutrition and infant mortality
- EDUCATION: considers any children under the age of ten that havent completed six years at school
- STANDART OF LIVING: considers if people use manure, wood or coal as fuel of cooking
access to water
- Has improved but still not avaible to a large percentage of the global population. 750 million: no access. 1100 million: no running water.
- WATER SCARCITY: affects 40% of the worlds population and the most affected region is Sub-Saharan Africa
- MANY DISEASES: diarrhea, cholera, dysentery... because of drinking contaminated water
- NEAR FUTURE: only a third of the worlds fresh water will be suitable for drinking
access to electricity
- PROVIDES US LIGHT: enables us to study after sunset or keep food in a fridge.
- ESSENTIAL FOR OUR QUALITY OF LIFE: access to electricity is another indicator of a countrys level of development
- around 1000 million people worldwide dont have access
education and literacy
- basic human right and a powerful tool for change
-millions of children in less developed countries donr have access to quality education
- breaks the circle of poverty and promotes peace
- PERCENTAGES:
- global population over the age of 15 literate: 86%
- adult population literate: D.C 100% and in L-D.C 30%
healthcare and access to medicine
- Vary from one country to another, another cause of inequality
- Cardiovascular and cancer: main causes of death globally
- Healthcare services: limited in less-developed countries
- Infectious diseases: causes of death in less-developed countries: AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria
gender inequality
new data: 4,4 million more women living in extreme poverty compared to men
sustainable development
Means providing for our needs now without compromising the ability of future generations te meet their needs. To achieve it all institutions and organizations must work together. Inequality is still prensent and reducing it is a difficult task.
elements of suistanable development
- ECONOMIC: generating wealth and ensuring prosperity for all
- SOCIAL: the need to eradicate poverty, improve standarts of living and ensure that everyone has basic human rights
- ENVIRONMENTAL: need to protect natural resources and biodiversity
organizations that promote development on a global scale
How the global scale works with international organizations. UN:
- Food and Agriculture Organization FAO: promotes sustainable food production and wants to end hunger and malnutrition
- Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization UNESCO: responsible for education, science and culture
- Childrens Emergency Fund UNICEF: protects the rights of children and their mother in less developed countries
- Developed Programme (UNDP): to eliminate pocerty and reduce inequality and social exclusion