BBP182 midterm prep
what are the 6 attitudes of science
determinism, empirism, experimentation, replication, parisomy, philsphoic doubt
determinism
bx is lawful and orderly, things don't just happen
empiricism
objective observation and accurate measurment of the bx of interest, free from bias, prejudices and opinion
experimentation
to investigate possible relationships by systematically changing one event and observing for changes in another
replication
repeating an expierement to see if you get simular results
parisomy
using the most siple and logical explanation for bx
philisophic doubt
always question the truthfullness of facts and experiment results, healthy skeptisism
mentalism
assumes an inner or mental dimension that is seperate from a behavioural dimension
what is Watson known for?
S-R, father of behaviorism,
What is Ivan Pavlov known for?
Father of classical conditioning, used dogs (salvation), respondent or reflexive bx
What is Skinner known for?
Skinners rat box, S-R-S (ABC), father of operant conditioning
what are the 7 characterisitcs of ABA
applied, behavioral, analytic, technological, conceptually systematic, effective, generality
applied dimension
commitment to effecting improvments in bx that enhance and improve peoples lives
bx dimension
bx must be measurable, target bx must be socially signifigant
analytic
when an expirement has expierenced some sort of relation between the manipulated events and a reliable change ins ome measureable dimensions to the target bx
technological
all of the procedures are explained in great detail and clarity
conceptually systematic
the procedure for changing bx and any interpretations of how or why the change occured should be described in relevant terms
effective
study must produce bx changes that reach clinical or social signifigance
generality
if it lasts over time, spreads to other bx not directly treated by intervention and appears in other enviroments
covert bx
bx that can be observed by the person engaging in the bx
overt bx
bx can be observed by others
what is respondent conditioning
neutral stimuli can aquire the abilty to elicit respondents through the learning process
what is operant bx
any bx whose future frequency is determined by the history of consequences
respondent vs opererant conditioning
respondent: bx is evoked by antecedent events
operant : bx is shaped and maintained by the consequences
stimulus discrimination
signals availabilty for reinforcemnt. Ex. rat recieves food pellet after pressing lever when buzzer sounds (buzzer is discriminative stimulus)
stimulus generalization
the extent to which stimuli other than Sd acwuire stimulus control over the bx (child is reinforced for calling dad "daddy" but starts calling everyone who looks like dad "daddy")
stimulus delta
the absence of reinforcment following a bx
positive reinforcment
involves the presentation of a stimulus to increase a bx
negative reinforcment
the elimination/absence of a stimlus to increase a bx
Motivating operant
stimlus that signals the effectivness of a stimlus
MO value altering effect?
reinforcer establishing effect (increases current effectivness of a reinforcer)
and reinfrocer aboloshing effect (decreases the current effectivness of a reinforcer)
unconditioned MO
unlearned, reflexive MO, ex. sex, food, oxygen
conditioned MO
acquire value altering effects as a result of learning history
automatic reinforcment
absence of social mediation, bx - stimulus change relation occurs without the presentation of consequences by other ppl
escape vs avoidance contingencies
escape - responding terminates an ongoing aversice stimulus (scratching insect bite to relieve it)
avoidance - responding delays or prevents the presentation of an aversive stimlulus (child makes excuse before bed like needs a drink of water)
positive punishment
presentation of a stimlus immediatley followinf a behaviour results in a decrease in the frequency of the bx
negative punishment
termination of an already present stimlus immediatley after a bx and results in a decrease in frequency of bx