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Cell Biology - Diffusion

What is diffusion?

The net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

What type of process of diffusion?

A passive process as it does not require energy

What are the main examples of what diffuses into cells?

-Oxygen
-Glucose

What are the main examples of what diffuses out of cells?

-Carbon dioxide
-Urea

What are the factors that affect the rate of diffusion?

-Increasing the concentration gradient increases the rate of diffusion
-Reducing the distance particles have to travel increases the rate of diffusion

-Increasing the temperature increases the rate of diffusion

-Increaing the surface area of the membrane increases the rate of diffusion

What adaptations do exchange surfaces have to maximise the rate of diffusion and why?

-Thin cell walls (to reduce diffusion distance)
-Large surface area (increases rate of diffusion)

-Good blood or air supply (to maintain a steep concentration gradient)

Explain and describe the three specific exchange surfuces that you are required to know?

- Alveoli:
-Gases diffusing between lungs and blood in capillaries


- Villi in small intestine:

-Small molecules (amino acids,glucose,fatty acids, and glycerol) diffusing from small intestine into the blood in capillaries


-Leaves in plants:

-Gases diffusing in and out of stomata for gas exchange in cells for respiration and photosynthsis

How do you calculate surface area to volume ratio

suface area/volume

Do single-celled organisms need an exchange surface and why?

No because they have a very large sa:v and short distance for substances to diffuse to diffuse in/out

Do large organisms need an exchange surface an why?

Yes becuase the larger an organism gets the small its sa:v becomes so it needs specially adopted exchange surfaces and a transport system to increase the rate of diffusion of substance in/out of all cells

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