Bio Quiz (Living things, cell organelles, mitosis) (gr 10 science)
What are the reasons cells divide?
growth, repair and reproduction
what are the two kinds of reproduction?
asexual and sexual
are offspring in asexual reproduction identical?
identical
are offspring in sexual reproduction identical?
not identical
what phase do cells exist in for most (90%) of their lifespan?
interphase
What happens when mitosis is triggered in interphase?
cell organelles and chromatin (DNA) are duplicated
What does DNA do in a cell?
Provides instructions
what are the six stages of mitosis?
interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis
What happens in prophase?
sister chromatid condense into chromosones, centrioles move to poles, nuclear membrane begins dissolving
What stage has the nuclear membrane dissolving, chromatin condensing to chromosones and centrioles moving to the cells poles?
prophase
What happens in metaphase?
chromosones align along middle, spindle fibers attach to centromeres
what stage has spindle fibers attaching to the centromeres of the chromosones aligning themselves in the middle of the cell?
metaphase
What happens in anaphase?
Chromosones are pulled apart by spindle fibers, chromatids start moving towards opposite poles of the cell
What phase has chromosones getting pulled part bgy spindle fibers and moved towards opposite poles?
Anaphase
What happens in telophase?
Chromatid arrive at opposite poles, form daughter nuclei, and spread into chromatin within the nucleus
What phase has chromatid arriving at the opposite poles, forming daughter nuclei and spreading out into chromatin in the nucleus?
telophase
What happens in cytokinesis?
Cells are cleaved apart, split into two daughter cells.
What are the five traits of living things?
breathe, grow, reproduce, respond to stimuli, be made of 1 cell or more
What does the nucleus do? What is it compared to?
Send instructions out to the other parts of the cell as it has DNA. Compared to a city hall.
What organelle sends insctructions to the cell?
Nucleus
What organelle holds the DNA of the cell?
Nucleus
What does the mitochondria do? What is it compared to?
It converts sustenance into power for the cell. Compared to a power plant.
What organelle creates power for the cell?
Mitochondria
What does cytoplasm do? What is it compared to?
Cytoplasm is the substance inside a cell that surrounds all the other organelles. It is compared to the inside of a balloon.
What organelle surrounds & touches all other organelles?
Cytoplasm
What does the endoplasmic reticulum do? What is it compared to?
It creates proteins and fats for the cell to use. It is compared to a factory.
What organelle creates proteins and fats?
Endoplasmic reticulum
What does the golgi apparatus do? What is it compared to?
It transports nutrients/materials around the cell. Its compared to a post office.
What organelle transports material/nutrients around the cell?
Golgi Apparatus
What is cancer? Why does it happen?
The overactive/uncontrolled division (duplication) of cells. It happens because of damaged or mutated DNA
What disease happens due to damaged DNA creating uncontrolled cell division?
Cancer
What are the three reasons cancer is bad for the body?
cells take too much energy to sustain, the cells aren't doing their job (just reproducing), they take up space healthy cells should be taking
What are some things that increase your risk of cancer?
Age, smoking, low excercise, drinking, unhealthy diet, history of cancer
Why do things like age, smoking and previous history of cancer increase risk of cancer?
Its more likely for cell DNA to be damaged
What are the five kinds of human cells?
Skin cells, blood cells, nerve cells, fat cells, muscle cells
What are STEM cells?
Cells that can become a different kind of cell when needed
What are the two kinds of Stem cells?
embryonic and adult
How are embryonic stem cells different from adult stem cells?
They are more adaptive, can differentiate to any kind of cell.