anatomy
pathway of blood through the circulatory system
superer and inferior vena cava
right atrium
tricuspid valve
right ventricle
pulmonary valve
pulmonary artery
capillaries (EVEN POINT)
pulmonary vein
left atrium
mitral valve
left ventricle
aorric valve
aorta
pathway of blood first half
superior and inferior vena cava
right atrium
tricuspid valver
rught ventricle
pulmonary valve
Pulmonary artery
capillaries
parhewy of blood second half
pulmonary vein
Left atrium
Mitral valve
Left ventricle
Aortic valve
aorta
what seperates the left and right side of the heart
the septum
what is blood?
a collection of crlls that have been specialized to perform a set of tasks wintin an organism
doctors consider blood s tissue not a fluid
.
blood has two distinct elements. what are they?
plasma and crlls
what is plasma?
Fluid portion of the blood that carries blood cells
what are red blood cells?
Erythrocytes
how are red blood blood cells made?
contains hemoglobin which binds with oxygen
what does haemoglobin carry?
Oxygen
what are the three important features of red blood cells that helped them carry oxygen?
shape: biconcave disc
no nucleus this increases curing capacity of haemoglobin but limits lifespan to 120 days so constantly reproduced
packed with 280 million molecules of haemoglobin which is high affinity for oxygen
where are white blood cells made?
Bone marrow
do white blood cells contain nuclei yes or no
yes
what role does white blood cells have?
Fighting off infection and protecting the body from pathogens
what are the Two most Important white Blood cells for disease fighting
Leucocytes and lymphocytes
what do leucocytes do?
And golf and digest, pathogens and innate immune responses
what do lymphocytes do?
Acquire immune response and recognize and remember specific pathogens and fend them off if they attack again
are platelets cells or no?
No
what are platelets?
Fragments of largest cells that broke apart in the bone marrow
what do platelets help to do?
They help the blood to claw and protect the body from excessive blood loss after an injury
do platelets have a nucleus
No
what are the two numbers that Blood pressure has
Systolic pressure and diastolic pressure
what is systolic pressure?
The pressure in the arteries during a heartbeat and the top number
what is diastolic pressure?
The pressure in the arteries between heartbeats the bottom number
what is blood pressure?
The force of the blood on the walls of the arteries the normal blood pressure rate is 120/80
what is stroke volume?
Volume of blood, leaving heart
what is heart rate?
Number of beats contractions, per minute
What are the two factors that determine blood pressure?
cardiac output and arteriolar resistance
what is cardiac output?
Amount of blood pumped from the heart each minute
if CO increases what else increases
Blood pressure
if diameter increases, what decreases
Blood pressure
what are the functions of the circulatory system?
Transport of O2, CO2, waste nutrients and hormones
Maintain body temperature
Maintain body fluid levels
what are the parts of the circulatory system?
The heart, the blood vessels, the blood
what is the heart?
A muscular organ that continuously pumps blood through the body generating blood flow
what are blood vessels?
System of hollow tubes through which the blood moves
what is blood?
The fluid that transports nutrients, O2 CO2, and many other materials through the body
what are the heart walls made of?
Cardiac muscle
what do cardiac muscles allow the heart to do?
Retract and contract and relax, rhythmically voluntarily without being a fatigued
how many chambers does the heart have?
For
what is the atria
The two top chambers that fill with blood returning from the body or the lungs
what are the ventricles?
Two bottom chambers that receive blood from the atrium pump it out to the body of the lungs
what do the vena cava do?
Bring oxygen poor blood from the body to the right atrium
where does the oxygen poor blood go from the right atrium to?
Right ventricle
where does the right ventricle pump the oxygen poor blood to?
The lungs through the pulmonary arteries
what do the pulmonary veins do?
Bring oxygen rich blood from the lungs back to the heart through the left atrium
The oxygen rich blood flows from the left atrium to where
Left ventricle
The left ventricle pumps, the oxygen rich blood to the body through the
Aorta
coronary arteries and veins supply oxygenated blood to heart and return deoxygenated blood to right atrium
Free
what prevents blood from flowing backwards?
Valves
what causes the lub sound?
The closing of the atrioventricular valves as blood is pumped from the atria to the ventricles
how was the dub sound made?
By semi lunar valves as blood is pumped from the ventricles into the arteries
valves keep blood moving in One Direction
Free
j how many valves does the right AV have?
Three
how many valves does the left AV have
To
what do semilunar valves do?
Prevent blood from re-entering the heart after being pumped out of the ventricles and into the arteries
what are the three primary cycles of blood vessels?
Cardiac circulation, pulmonary circulation, and systematic circulation
what is the cardiac cirque
Route taken by blood within the heart
what is the pulmonary circulation?
Pathway of the blood from the heart to the lungs and back
what is the systemic circulation?
Pathway of blood from the heart to the rest of the body includes all blood vessels, other than those associated with the lungs
what do arteries do?
Carry oxygen rich blood away from the heart
what are the three layers of walled arteries?
Outer middle inner
what are capillaries?
Very narrow blood vessels
What do capillaries help do?
Gas and fluid exchange between blood and body cells
where is the blood flow into capillaries?
arterioles
Venules merged to form veins
h
what do veins do?
Return oxygen poor blood to the heart
what Can veins do
Veins can prevent blood from flowing backward Skeletal muscle of the surrounding area helps push blood through veins
what are the three layers of an artery
epicsardium, myocardium, endocardium