Muscular System
abduction
movement of a limb away from the midline of the body.
adduction
movement of a limb toward the midline of the body
adhesion
a band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally
ataxia
the lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement
atonic
lacking normal muscle tone or strength
atrophy
weakness or wearing away of body tissues and structures
bradykinesia
extreme slowness in movement
carpal tunnel syndrome
inflammation and swelling of the tendons that pass through the carpal tunnel, which then create pressure on the median nerve
chronic fatigue syndrome
a debilitating and complex disorder characterized by profound fatigue that is not improved by bed rest and may be made worse by physical or mental activity
circumduction
the circular movement at the far end of a limb
contracture
the permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons,ligaments, or skin that occures when normally elastic connective tissues are replaced with non-elastic fibrous tissues
dorsiflexion
movement that bends the foot upward at the ankle
dyskinesia
distortion or impairment of voluntary movement resulting in fragmented or jerky motions
dystonia
The condition of abnormal muscle tone that causes the impairment of voluntary muscle movement
electromyography
A diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity within muscle fibers in response to nerve stimulation
epicondylitis
inflammation of tissue surrounding elbow
ergonomics
The study of human factors that affect the design operation of tools and the work environment
exercise physiologist
specialist who works under a physician supervision to develop implement and coordinate exercise programs and measure medical test to promote physical fitness
fasciitis
inflammation of fascia
fibromyalgia
debilitating, chronic condition characterized by fatigue, diffuse or specific muscle, joint, or bone pain. and a wide range of other symptoms.
ganglion cyst
A harmless fluid filled swelling that occurs most commonly on the outer surface of the wrist
heel spur
A calcium deposit in the plantar fascia near its attachment to the heel bone
hemiparesis
slight paralysis or weakness affecting one side of the body
hemiplegia
total paralysis affecting only one side of the body
hernia
The protrusion of a part of a structure through the tissues normally containing it
hyperkinesia
abnormally increased motor function or activity, also known as hyperactivity
hypotonia
A condition of diminished tone of the skeletal muscles
impingement syndrome
inflammed and swollen tendons are caught in the narrow space between bones within the shoulder joint
insertion
The point where the muscle ends by attaching to a bone or tendon
intermittent claudication
pain in the leg muscle that occurs during exercise and is relieved by rest
muscular dystrophy
A group of more than 30 genetic diseases that are characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles that control movement without affecting the nervous system
myasthenia gravis
A chronic auto immune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction and produces serious weakness of voluntary muscles
myocele
The herniation protrusion of muscle substance through a tear in fascia surrounding it
myoclonus
The quick involuntary jerking of a muscle or group of muscles
myofascial release
A specialized soft tissue manipulation technique used to ease the pain of conditions, such as fibromyalgia, myofacial, pain, syndrome, movement restrictions, temporomandibular, joint disorders, and carpal tunnel syndrome
myolysis
The degeneration of muscle tissue
myoparesis
weakness or slight muscular paralysis
myorrahphy
surgical suturing of a muscle
neuromuscular
pertaining to the relationship between a nerve and a muscle
oblique
slanted or at an angle
origin
The point where the muscle begins located nearest the midline of the body or on a less movable part of the skeleton
paralysis
the los of sensation and voluntary muscle movements in a muscle theough disease or injury to its nerve supply
paraplegia
paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body
physiatrist
a physician who specializes in physical medicine and rehabilitation with the focus on restoring function
plantar fasciitis
inflammation of the plantar fascia on the soul of foot, causing foot or heel pain when walking or running
polymyositis
muscle disease characterized by the simultaneous inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles in many parts of the body.
pronation
the act of rotating the arm or the leg so the palm of the hand or the sole of the foot is turned downward or backward
quadriplegia
paralysis of all four extremities
sarcopenia
the loss of muscle mass, strength, and function that come with aging
shin splint
a painful condition caused by the tibials anterior muscle tearing away from the tibia (shin bone)
singultus
myoclonus of the diaphragm that causes the charachteristic hiccup sound with each spasm; also known as hiccups
sphincter
a ring like muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passageway
sprain
an injury to a joint, such as ankle, knee, or wrist, which usually occures when a ligament is wrenched or torn
tenodesis
the suturing of the end of a tendon to a bone
tenolysis
the release of a tendon from adhesions.
tenorrhaphy
the surgical suturing together of the divided ends of a tendon
tenosynovitis
an inflammation of the sheath surrounding a tendon
tenotomy
a surgical incision into a tendon
torticollis
a stiff nexk due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles that pull the head toward the affected side; also known as wryneck
transverse
in a crosswise direction
tri-
three
ton/o
tone, stretching, tension
ten/o , tend/o , tendin/o
tendon, stretch out, extend, strain
tax/o
coordination, order
-rrhexis
rupture
-plegia
paralysis, stroke
my/o
muscle
kines/o, kinesi/o
movement
-ic
pertaining to
-ia
abnormal condition, disease, plural of -ium
fibr/o
fibrous tissue, fiber
dys-
bad, difficult, or painful
fasci/o
fascia, fibrous band
-cele
hernia, tumor, swelling
bi-
twice, double, two
muscle fibers
the long, slender cells that make up muscles.
fascia
is a band of connective tissue that envelops, separates, or binds together muscles or groups of muscles. flexible to allow muscle movements
myofascial
pertaining to muscle tissue and fascia
tendon
a narrow band of nonelastic, dense, fibrous connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone
patellar tendon
attaches muscles to the botom of the patella (kneecap)
achilles tendon
attaches the gastrocnemius muscle (major muscle of the calf of the leg) to the heel bone
aponeurosis
a sheet like fibrous connective tissue resembling a flattened tendon that connects muscles together or to a bone
skeletal muscles
attached to the bones of the skeleton and make body motions possible
voluntary muscles
we have conscious control over
striated muscles
the dark and light fibers create a striped apperence
smooth muscles
are located in the walls of internal organs such as the digestive tract, blood vessels, and ducts leading from glands
myocardial muscles , myocardium, cardiac muscle
form the muscular walls of the heart
muscle innervation
the stimulation of a muscleby an impulse transmitted by a motor nerve
neuromuscular
pertaining to the relationship between a nerve and a muscle
antagonistic
refers to working in opposition to each other
contraction
tightening of a muscle
relaxation
occurs when a muscle returns to its original form
abduction
moves away from the body
adduction
moves toward the body
dorsiflexion
bends the foot upward at the ankle
plantar flexion
bends the foot downward at the ankle
flexion
decreasing the angle between two bones by bending a limb at a joint
flexor muscle
bends a limb at a joint
extension
increasing the angle between two bones or the straightening out of a limb
extensor muscle
straightens a limb at a joint