CHAPTER 1: SIGMUND FREUD PSYCHOANALYSIS

The TWIN CORNERSTONES of PSYCHOANALYTIC MOTIVATION are

sex and aggression

FREUD BEGAN his SELF-ANALYSISshortly after

his father died.

As a youth and young man, Freud was STRONGLY MOTIVATED to

win fame by making a great discovery.

What analogy did Freud use to illustrate the RELATIONSHIP between the EGO and the ID?

rider and horse

The id serves the ____________ principle.

pleasure

Which regions of the mind have NO DIRECT contact with the EXTERNAL world?

id and superego

A SADIST receives sexual pleasure from

inflicting pain on others

Freud called the MOUTH, ANUS, and GENITALS

erogenous zones

The guilt a person experiences after violating personal standards of conduct is called ________ anxiety.

moral

According to Freud, anxiety is felt by the

ego

Defense mechanisms protect the ego against

anxiety

In Freudian theory, anxiety

triggers repression

After a drive or image has been repressed, it

any of the above

With this defense mechanism, a repressed desire FINDS an OPPOSITE and EXAGGERATED expression.

reaction formation

A completely weaned child goes back to the bottle after a younger sister is born. This return to a more infantile pattern of behavior expresses a

regression

Chad has great admiration for his history teacher. He attempts to imitate this teacher's lifestyle and mannerisms. This is an example of

introjection

A TYPE of REPRESSION in which the EGO attempts to do AWAY with UNPLEASANT experiences and their consequences is called

undoing

This defense mechanism, unlike the others, usually results in some BENEFIT to SOCIETY

sublimation

To Freud, the most crucial stage of development is

infancy

The anal triad consists of all these characteristics EXCEPT

aggressiveness

Freud believed that DIFFERENCES between BOYS and GIRLS in PSYCHOSEXUAL DEVELOPMENT are due to

anatomy

For boys, the castration complex

shatters the Oedipus complex.

For girls, the castration complex

D. both a and c

Freud believed that, with few a exceptions, the UNCONSCIOUS meaning of DREAMS expressed

wish-fulfillments.

PSYCHOANALYTIC THERAPY is most LIKELY to include this TECHNIQUE.

free association

View of human development as shaped by UNCONSCIOUS FORCES

Psychoanalytic perspective

He proposed that human were born with a SERIES of INNATE, BIOLOGICALLY based drives

Psychosexual theory

Sigmund Freud the German word TRIEB to refer to a drive or a STIMULUS within a person

Drives

For the SEX DRIVE, But ENERGY from the agressive drive remains NAMELESS

Libido

Besides the genitals, the MOUTH and ANUS are especially capable of PRODUCING SEXUAL PLEASURE are called

Erogenous zones

is when someone seeks to fulfill their OWN needs and desires

Primary narcissism

• NOT UNIVERSAL, but moderate degree of self-love
• as a WITHDRAWAL of libido or loving feelings from objects (OTHER people)

Secondary narcissism

Is the need for sexual pleasure by INFLICTING PAIN or HUMILIATION on ANOTHER PERSON

Sadism

COMMON NEED, Experience several pleasure by SUFFERING PAIN and HUMILIATION INFLICTED either by THEMSELVES or OTHERS

Masochism

SEX and AGRESSION share the center of Freudian DYNAMIC THEORY with the concept of ______. ONLY the EGO can PRODUCE ____

Anxiety

What are the THREE KINDS of ANXIETY

Neurotic anxiety
Moral anxiety
Realistic anxiety

Neurotic anxiety, Moral anxiety, Realistic anxiety

Defined as a APPREHENSION about an UNKNOWN DANGER. The feeling itself EXITS in the EGO, but it ORIGINATES from ID impulses

Neurotic anxiety

• STEMS from the CONFLICT between the EGO and the SUPEREGO
• scond type of anxiety

Moral anxiety

It arises when the EGO is THREATENED by the IRRATIONAL DEMANDS of ID
Example: thunder

Neurotic anxiety

It arises when the EGO is THREATENED by the irrational demands of SUPEREGO

Moral anxiety

• CLOSELY related to FEAR. Defined as an UNPLEASANT, NONSPECIFIC FEELING involving a POSSIBLE DANGER
Example: While driving in heavy, fast moving traffic in unfamiliar city
• third type of anxiety

Realistic anxiety

It arises when the THREAT is associated with our WELL BEING

Realistic anxiety

Emphasis is on UNCONSCIOUS and EMOTIONS as DETERMINANTS of PERSONALITY

Sigmund Freud

He is considered as the FATHER of PSYCHOANALYSIS

Sigmund Freud

They critisize the work of Sigmund freud

Neo-Freudian

• Notion of Freud of a BOYS sexual feeling for his MOTHER
Attraction to opposite sex (BOY to MOTHER)

Oedipus complex

Attraction to opposite sex (GIRL to FATHER)

Female oedipus complex

A various ILLNESSES that there is NO ORGANIC CAUSE. a disorder typically characterized by PARALYSIS or the IMPROPER functioning of certain PARTS of the BODY.

Hysteria

Who was the two has the major influences in hysteria

Joseph Breuer and Jean Charcot

JOSEPH BREUER

JEAN CHARCOT AND JOSEPH BREUER

Person is controlled by OTHER PERSON

Hypnosis

who PRESENTED the USE of HYPNOSIS as an experimental technique, without any attempt to turn it into a therapy

Jean Charcot

What is the title of the book that was published in 1900 by Sigmund freud

The royal road to the unconscious: dream analysis

The Interpretation of Dreams

What are the THREE LEVELS of HUMAN PERSONALITY

Conscious
Sub/Preconscious
Unconscious

Conscious, Sub/preconscious, Unconscious

conscious, pre/subconscious, unconscious

What are the THREE HYPOTHETICAL PARTS OF PERSONALITY?

Id
Ego
Superego

Id, ego, superego

id, ego, and superego

• This is ANYTHING you see around
• consists of all those things we are AWARE of, including things that we know about ourselves and our surroundings.
Example: memories and awareness

Conscious

• NOT readily available
• consists of those things we could pay conscious attention to if we so desired, and where many MEMORIES are STORED for EASY RETRIEVAL.
Example: one may not be thinking (conscious) of his address but readily recalls it when asked.

Sub/preconscious

• Those things that we try to REPRESSED or want to FORGET things or event
• consists of those things that are OUTSIDE of conscious awareness, including many memories, thoughts, and urges of which we are not aware
Example: sexual impulses that are deemed “unacceptable.”

Unconscious

UNSCONSCIOUS. pleasure oriented and SELFISH. driven by PLEASURE principle. The DEVIL
Example: I want to skip my workout because I feel lazy and just want to relax.

Id

What is the german term of Id?

Das es or it

what is the german term of ego?

Dash ich or I

Das ich or I

what is the german term of superego

Uber ich or above I

• This will tell us about what is happening in REALITY
• CONSCIOUS. rational, driven by the "REALITY PRINCIPLE". Balances conflicting demands of the id and superego
Example: I can do a shorter workout today and make up for it with a longer session tomorrow.

Ego

• MORAL PRINCIPLE talk about the person how ETHICAL
• Develops through socialization. Concern with morality RIGHT and WRONG.
Example: I shouldn't skip the workout because it's essential for my health and discipline.

Superego

What are the TWO COMPONENTS of SUPEREGO

Ego ideal
Conscience

• Something that URGUING you to do it
• is the idealistic view of what is RIGHT

Ego ideal

• Association of GUILT into CONSCIENCE
• sense of GUILT, or the VIEW of what is considered WRONG.

Conscience

• BIRTH to 18 MONTHS. It can be satisfied through THUMB SUCKING
• bitting and sucking

Oral

It occurs if the needs are NOT GIVEN
Example: nail bitting

Fixation

• 18 MONTHS to 3 YEARS. Eliminating and retaining FECES
• TOILET training
• Provide consequences on the formation of values and traits
• If conflict unresolved it can be MESSY

Anal

• Age 3 to 6 YEARS. The PLEASURE zone switches to the GENITALS

Phallic stage

Sigmund Freud to describe a BOY'S FEAR of LOSS of or DAMAGE to the GENITAL organ as a PUNISHMENT for incestuous wishes toward the mother and murderous fantasies toward the rival father.

Castration anxiety

He believed that when FEMALE children REALIZE they LACK a PENIS, they feel “CASTRATED” in comparison to males. Freud believed this was a pivotal moment in female sexual development and a source of mental illness.

Penis envy

6 to PUBERTY. CLOSE to the REALITY there is association to others

Latency stage

• PUBERTY ONWARDS. Development begind at the start of puberty when SEXUAL URGES are once again AWAKENED
• FULLY AWARE the reason why they have a genitals because of this. MASTURBATION and SEXUALITY

Genital stage

• ENVIRONMENTAL DEMANDS and INNER URGES result to anxiety
• the first soldier
• to PROTECT the EGO is the goal of _____ ______.

Defense mechanism

• SEE your FAULTS and FOIBLES to OTHERS
Example: A student who didn't study for an exam tonight claim the teacher failed to teach the material properly

Projection

STRENGTHEN one to HIDE another
Example: A student who fails in his studies may compensate by becoming the college champion in atheletics

Compensation

REFUSE to FACE NEGATIVE BEHAVIOR
Example: Ben is alcoholic who denies being an alcoholic

Denial

Take it OUT on SOMEONE ELSE
Example: Sandara gets remanded by her boss and goes home to angrily pick a fight with her husband

Displacement

ATTACH to something POSITIVE.

Identification

CONFORM feelings for APPROVAL

Introjection

EXCUSE and JUSTIFY MISTAKES
Example: Stating that you failed a test because the teacher doesn't like you when the real person was you didn't study

Rationalization

PRETEND that you are DIFFERENT.
Example: women who actually dislike her mother in law hide her negative feeling by being always nice to her

Reaction formation

Act much YOUNGER to feel BETTER.
Example: tantrums or Due to the pressure of college, Tom starts bitting his thumb

Regression

Putting THINGS into DARKNESS
Example: Respressed negative emotion
or Jacob cannot remember certain painful memories as a child. To protect himself, he unconsciously represses these memories from his consciousness. Instead, he displays anxious behaviors toward other items that he associates with these original painful memories.

Repression

Over ride NEGATIVE with HABIT
Example: becomes habit because of repeat

Ritual and Undoing

Divert NEGATIVE into ACCEPTABLE
Example: Maria doesn't like being alone; it makes her feel unwanted and is deeply hurtful. To compensate, she has joined so manu social groups at school

Sublimation

Mental health in LIEBEN and ARBEITEN or LOVE and WORK

Psychotherapy

FREE TALKING, whatever comes to their mind

Free association

Who INVENTED FREE ASSOCIATION

Sigmund freud

A process of RELEASING NEGATIVE EMOTIONS such as grief and anger and fear

Catharsis

refers to the UNCONSCIOUS REDIRECTION of FEELINGS and ATTITUDES from ONE PERSON to another, often towards the THERAPIST. These feelings can be positive, negative, or ambivalent and are typically rooted in past relationships or experiences.

Transference

Refers to the REACTIONS and FEELINGS of a THERAPIST TOWARD their CLIENT, whether conscious or unconscious. Emotions can be positive or negative depending on situation

Countertransference

AREAS of the human BODY that are especially SENSITIVE. During SEXUAL foreplay, STIMULATING these AREAS can encourage RELAXATION, promote blood flow, build arousal, enhance sexual pleasure, and help you or your partner achieve orgasm.

Erogenous zones

According to SIGMUND FREUD present behavior is shaped by

past experiences

In 1885, SIGMUNED FREUD received a traveling grant from the University of Vienna and decided to study in Paris with the famous French neurologist JEAN-MARTIN CHARCOT. He spent 4 months with Charcot, from whom he LEARNED the HYPNOTIC TECHNIQUE for TREATING ___________, a disorder typically characterized by PARALYSIS or the IMPROPER functioning of certain PARTS of the BODY.

hysteria

JOSEPH BREUER a well-known Viennese physician taught FREUD about _________, the process of REMOVING HYSTERICAL symptoms through “TALKING THEM OUT".While using _______, Freud gradually and laboriously discovered the FREE ASSOCIATION technique, which soon REPLACED HYPNOSIS as his PRINCIPAL THERAPEUTIC technique.

catharsis

Pushing AWAY thoughts or feelings CONSCIOUSLY.
Example: You feel angry with your friend, but you suppress your anger and act friendly because you don't want to start an argument.

suppression

Pushing away thoughts or feelings UNCONSCIOUSLY
Example: You experienced a traumatic event as a child, but you can't recall it at all as an adult because your mind repressed the memory to protect you from the emotional pain.

repression

Freud believed that a PORTION of our unconscious
ORIGINATES from the experiences of our EARLY ANCESTORS that have been PASSED on to us through hundreds of generations of REPETITION. He called theseINHERITED UNCONSCIOUS IMAGES

phylogenetic endowment

what are the PROVINCES of MIND

id, ego, superego

At the core of personality and completely UNCONSCIOUS is the psychical region called the _______ its sole function is to SEEK PLEASURE, we say that the ______ serves the PLEASURE PRINCIPLE.

id

Accorind to freud, FEAR of LOSING the PENIS.

castration anxiety

According to freud, is often expressed as a WISH to be a BOY or a DESRE to have a man.

penis envy

Castration complex in the form of CASTRATION ANXIETY
SHATTERS the OEDIPUS COMPLEX. STRONG superego replaces
the NEARLY completely dissolved Oedipus complex

Male Phallic Phase

WEAK SUPEREGO REPLACES the partially DISSOLVED OEDIPUS COMPLEX

Female Phallic Phase

what is the PRIMARY GOAL of Freud’s later psychoanalytic therapy

was to uncover repressed memories through free association and dream analysis.

refers to STRONG SEXUAL or AGGRESSIVE feelings, POSITIVE or NEGATIVE, that PATIENTS DEVELOP toward their ANALYST during the COURSE of treatment.

Transference

Freud used _______ ________ to TRANSFORM the MANIFEST CONETENT of dreams to the more IMPORATANT LATENT CONTENT

dream analysis

The _______ __________ of a dream is the SURFACEmeaning or the CONSCIOUS DESCRIPTION given by the dreamer,

manifest content

REGRESSIONS, however, are usually TEMPORARY. whereas FIXATIONS demand a more or less PERMANENT expenditure of psychic energy.

both statements are true

_____________ are quite common and are readily visible in children. For example, a completely weaned child may regress to demanding a bottle or nipple when a baby brother or sister is born. The attention given to the new baby poses a threat to the older child.

Regression

An example of a ________ __________ can be seen in a young woman who deeply resents and HATES her mother. Because she knows that society demands affection toward parents, such conscious hatred for her mother would produce too much anxiety. To AVOID painful ANXIETY, the young woman concentrates on the OPPOSITE IMPULSE—love. Her “LOVE” for her mother, however, is not genuine.

Reaction Formation

In ____________, however, people can REDIRECT their UNACCEPTABLE urges onto a variety of PEOPLE or OBJECTS so that the ORIGINAL impulse is DISGUISED or CONCEALED

Displacement

REDIRECTING EMOTIONS from the original source to a substitute target. Example: An employee who is angry with their boss kicks a chair at home.

Displacement

When an INTERNAL impulse provokes TOO much ANXIETY, the EGO may REDUCE that anxiety by ATTRIBUTING the UNWANTED impulse to an EXTERNAL object, usually ANOTHER PERSON. Attributing one's unacceptable feelings or impulses to others. Example: A person who is dishonest accuses others of being untrustworthy.

Projection

An EXTREME TYPE of PROJECTION is __________, a MENTAL DISORDER characterized by POWERFUL DELUSIONS of JEALOUSY and persecution. _________ is NOT an INEVITABLE OUTCOME of PROJECTION but simply a SEVERE VARIETY of it.

paranoia

____________ is a defense mechanism whereby people INCORPORATE POSITIVE QUALITIES of ANOTHER person into their own EGO. For example, an adolescent may introject or adopt the mannerisms, values, or lifestyle of a movie star.

Introjection

whereas the _______ _________ refers to its UNCONSCIOUS MATERIAL.

latent content

The BASIC ASSUMPTION of FREUD'S DREAM ANALYSIS is that nearly ALL DREAMS are ______ ___________. Some wishes are obvious and are EXPRESSED through the MANIFEST content, as when a PERSON goes to SLEEP hungry and DREAMS of EATING LARGE quantities of DELICIOUSfood. MOST wish fulfillments, however, are expressed in the LATENT content and ONLY DREAM INTERPRETATION can UNCOVER that wish.

wish fulfillments

These DREAMS are frequently FOUND in people with POST TRAUMATAIC STRESS DISORDER (PSTD) who REPEATEDLY dream of FRIGHTENING or TRAUMATIC experiences

repetition compulsion

JAMES STRACHEY one of Freud’s translators, INVENTED the term ___________ to refer to what many PEOPLE NOW simply call
“FREUDIAN SLIPS.”

parapraxes

Freud believed that DREAMS and FREUDIAN SLIPS are DISGUISED means of EXPRESSING UNCONSCIOUS impulses. During the simple OEDIPAL STAGE, a child DESIRES SEXUAL UNION with ONE parent while HARBORING HOSTILITY for the OTHER

both statements are true

According in Freudian psychology, ______ is the LIFE INSTINCT, driving individuals to seek pleasure, form social bonds, and engage in activities promoting survival and well-being.

Eros

According in Freudian psychology, _________ is the DEATH INSTINCT, representing DESTRUCTUVE or AGGRESSIVE tendencies within individuals, leading towards death, AGGRESSION, or SELF-DISCTRUCTION.

Thanatos

what are the FIVE STAGES of HUMAN DEVELOPMENT according to freud

Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital

Creating logical explanations or JUSTIFICATIONS to make unacceptable behaviors or feelings seem REASONABLE. Example: Justifying procrastination by claiming to work better under pressure.

Rationalization

he was a well-known neurologist and was known at the time for being able to TREAT HYSTERIA SUCCESSFULLY.

JOSEPH BREUER

He had a patient who they called “Anna O” who he DIAGNOSED with HYSTERICAL NUEROSIS. Breuer HELPED RELIEVE those SYMPMTOMS by USING HYPNOSIS, which would HELP her RECALL some PAST MEMORIES and then they could discuss them. He LABELED this TECHNIQUE as the “TALKING CURE.”

JOSEPH BREUER