CHAPTER 1: SIGMUND FREUD PSYCHOANALYSIS
The TWIN CORNERSTONES of PSYCHOANALYTIC MOTIVATION are
sex and aggression
FREUD BEGAN his SELF-ANALYSISshortly after
his father died.
As a youth and young man, Freud was STRONGLY MOTIVATED to
win fame by making a great discovery.
What analogy did Freud use to illustrate the RELATIONSHIP between the EGO and the ID?
rider and horse
The id serves the ____________ principle.
pleasure
Which regions of the mind have NO DIRECT contact with the EXTERNAL world?
id and superego
A SADIST receives sexual pleasure from
inflicting pain on others
Freud called the MOUTH, ANUS, and GENITALS
erogenous zones
The guilt a person experiences after violating personal standards of conduct is called ________ anxiety.
moral
According to Freud, anxiety is felt by the
ego
Defense mechanisms protect the ego against
anxiety
In Freudian theory, anxiety
triggers repression
After a drive or image has been repressed, it
any of the above
With this defense mechanism, a repressed desire FINDS an OPPOSITE and EXAGGERATED expression.
reaction formation
A completely weaned child goes back to the bottle after a younger sister is born. This return to a more infantile pattern of behavior expresses a
regression
Chad has great admiration for his history teacher. He attempts to imitate this teacher's lifestyle and mannerisms. This is an example of
introjection
A TYPE of REPRESSION in which the EGO attempts to do AWAY with UNPLEASANT experiences and their consequences is called
undoing
This defense mechanism, unlike the others, usually results in some BENEFIT to SOCIETY
sublimation
To Freud, the most crucial stage of development is
infancy
The anal triad consists of all these characteristics EXCEPT
aggressiveness
Freud believed that DIFFERENCES between BOYS and GIRLS in PSYCHOSEXUAL DEVELOPMENT are due to
anatomy
For boys, the castration complex
shatters the Oedipus complex.
For girls, the castration complex
D. both a and c
Freud believed that, with few a exceptions, the UNCONSCIOUS meaning of DREAMS expressed
wish-fulfillments.
PSYCHOANALYTIC THERAPY is most LIKELY to include this TECHNIQUE.
free association
View of human development as shaped by UNCONSCIOUS FORCES
Psychoanalytic perspective
He proposed that human were born with a SERIES of INNATE, BIOLOGICALLY based drives
Psychosexual theory
Sigmund Freud the German word TRIEB to refer to a drive or a STIMULUS within a person
Drives
For the SEX DRIVE, But ENERGY from the agressive drive remains NAMELESS
Libido
Besides the genitals, the MOUTH and ANUS are especially capable of PRODUCING SEXUAL PLEASURE are called
Erogenous zones
is when someone seeks to fulfill their OWN needs and desires
Primary narcissism
• NOT UNIVERSAL, but moderate degree of self-love
• as a WITHDRAWAL of libido or loving feelings from objects (OTHER people)
Secondary narcissism
Is the need for sexual pleasure by INFLICTING PAIN or HUMILIATION on ANOTHER PERSON
Sadism
COMMON NEED, Experience several pleasure by SUFFERING PAIN and HUMILIATION INFLICTED either by THEMSELVES or OTHERS
Masochism
SEX and AGRESSION share the center of Freudian DYNAMIC THEORY with the concept of ______. ONLY the EGO can PRODUCE ____
Anxiety
What are the THREE KINDS of ANXIETY
Neurotic anxiety
Moral anxiety
Realistic anxiety
Neurotic anxiety, Moral anxiety, Realistic anxiety
Defined as a APPREHENSION about an UNKNOWN DANGER. The feeling itself EXITS in the EGO, but it ORIGINATES from ID impulses
Neurotic anxiety
• STEMS from the CONFLICT between the EGO and the SUPEREGO
• scond type of anxiety
Moral anxiety
It arises when the EGO is THREATENED by the IRRATIONAL DEMANDS of ID
Example: thunder
Neurotic anxiety
It arises when the EGO is THREATENED by the irrational demands of SUPEREGO
Moral anxiety
• CLOSELY related to FEAR. Defined as an UNPLEASANT, NONSPECIFIC FEELING involving a POSSIBLE DANGER
Example: While driving in heavy, fast moving traffic in unfamiliar city
• third type of anxiety
Realistic anxiety
It arises when the THREAT is associated with our WELL BEING
Realistic anxiety
Emphasis is on UNCONSCIOUS and EMOTIONS as DETERMINANTS of PERSONALITY
Sigmund Freud
He is considered as the FATHER of PSYCHOANALYSIS
Sigmund Freud
They critisize the work of Sigmund freud
Neo-Freudian
• Notion of Freud of a BOYS sexual feeling for his MOTHER
Attraction to opposite sex (BOY to MOTHER)
Oedipus complex
Attraction to opposite sex (GIRL to FATHER)
Female oedipus complex
A various ILLNESSES that there is NO ORGANIC CAUSE. a disorder typically characterized by PARALYSIS or the IMPROPER functioning of certain PARTS of the BODY.
Hysteria
Who was the two has the major influences in hysteria
Joseph Breuer and Jean Charcot
JOSEPH BREUER
JEAN CHARCOT AND JOSEPH BREUER
Person is controlled by OTHER PERSON
Hypnosis
who PRESENTED the USE of HYPNOSIS as an experimental technique, without any attempt to turn it into a therapy
Jean Charcot
What is the title of the book that was published in 1900 by Sigmund freud
The royal road to the unconscious: dream analysis
The Interpretation of Dreams
What are the THREE LEVELS of HUMAN PERSONALITY
Conscious
Sub/Preconscious
Unconscious
Conscious, Sub/preconscious, Unconscious
conscious, pre/subconscious, unconscious
What are the THREE HYPOTHETICAL PARTS OF PERSONALITY?
Id
Ego
Superego
Id, ego, superego
id, ego, and superego
• This is ANYTHING you see around
• consists of all those things we are AWARE of, including things that we know about ourselves and our surroundings.
Example: memories and awareness
Conscious
• NOT readily available
• consists of those things we could pay conscious attention to if we so desired, and where many MEMORIES are STORED for EASY RETRIEVAL.
Example: one may not be thinking (conscious) of his address but readily recalls it when asked.
Sub/preconscious
• Those things that we try to REPRESSED or want to FORGET things or event
• consists of those things that are OUTSIDE of conscious awareness, including many memories, thoughts, and urges of which we are not aware
Example: sexual impulses that are deemed “unacceptable.”
Unconscious
UNSCONSCIOUS. pleasure oriented and SELFISH. driven by PLEASURE principle. The DEVIL
Example: I want to skip my workout because I feel lazy and just want to relax.
Id
What is the german term of Id?
Das es or it
what is the german term of ego?
Dash ich or I
Das ich or I
what is the german term of superego
Uber ich or above I
• This will tell us about what is happening in REALITY
• CONSCIOUS. rational, driven by the "REALITY PRINCIPLE". Balances conflicting demands of the id and superego
Example: I can do a shorter workout today and make up for it with a longer session tomorrow.
Ego
• MORAL PRINCIPLE talk about the person how ETHICAL
• Develops through socialization. Concern with morality RIGHT and WRONG.
Example: I shouldn't skip the workout because it's essential for my health and discipline.
Superego
What are the TWO COMPONENTS of SUPEREGO
Ego ideal
Conscience
• Something that URGUING you to do it
• is the idealistic view of what is RIGHT
Ego ideal
• Association of GUILT into CONSCIENCE
• sense of GUILT, or the VIEW of what is considered WRONG.
Conscience
• BIRTH to 18 MONTHS. It can be satisfied through THUMB SUCKING
• bitting and sucking
Oral
It occurs if the needs are NOT GIVEN
Example: nail bitting
Fixation
• 18 MONTHS to 3 YEARS. Eliminating and retaining FECES
• TOILET training
• Provide consequences on the formation of values and traits
• If conflict unresolved it can be MESSY
Anal
• Age 3 to 6 YEARS. The PLEASURE zone switches to the GENITALS
Phallic stage
Sigmund Freud to describe a BOY'S FEAR of LOSS of or DAMAGE to the GENITAL organ as a PUNISHMENT for incestuous wishes toward the mother and murderous fantasies toward the rival father.
Castration anxiety
He believed that when FEMALE children REALIZE they LACK a PENIS, they feel “CASTRATED” in comparison to males. Freud believed this was a pivotal moment in female sexual development and a source of mental illness.
Penis envy
6 to PUBERTY. CLOSE to the REALITY there is association to others
Latency stage
• PUBERTY ONWARDS. Development begind at the start of puberty when SEXUAL URGES are once again AWAKENED
• FULLY AWARE the reason why they have a genitals because of this. MASTURBATION and SEXUALITY
Genital stage
• ENVIRONMENTAL DEMANDS and INNER URGES result to anxiety
• the first soldier
• to PROTECT the EGO is the goal of _____ ______.
Defense mechanism
• SEE your FAULTS and FOIBLES to OTHERS
Example: A student who didn't study for an exam tonight claim the teacher failed to teach the material properly
Projection
STRENGTHEN one to HIDE another
Example: A student who fails in his studies may compensate by becoming the college champion in atheletics
Compensation
REFUSE to FACE NEGATIVE BEHAVIOR
Example: Ben is alcoholic who denies being an alcoholic
Denial
Take it OUT on SOMEONE ELSE
Example: Sandara gets remanded by her boss and goes home to angrily pick a fight with her husband
Displacement
ATTACH to something POSITIVE.
Identification
CONFORM feelings for APPROVAL
Introjection
EXCUSE and JUSTIFY MISTAKES
Example: Stating that you failed a test because the teacher doesn't like you when the real person was you didn't study
Rationalization
PRETEND that you are DIFFERENT.
Example: women who actually dislike her mother in law hide her negative feeling by being always nice to her
Reaction formation
Act much YOUNGER to feel BETTER.
Example: tantrums or Due to the pressure of college, Tom starts bitting his thumb
Regression
Putting THINGS into DARKNESS
Example: Respressed negative emotion
or Jacob cannot remember certain painful memories as a child. To protect himself, he unconsciously represses these memories from his consciousness. Instead, he displays anxious behaviors toward other items that he associates with these original painful memories.
Repression
Over ride NEGATIVE with HABIT
Example: becomes habit because of repeat
Ritual and Undoing
Divert NEGATIVE into ACCEPTABLE
Example: Maria doesn't like being alone; it makes her feel unwanted and is deeply hurtful. To compensate, she has joined so manu social groups at school
Sublimation
Mental health in LIEBEN and ARBEITEN or LOVE and WORK
Psychotherapy
FREE TALKING, whatever comes to their mind
Free association
Who INVENTED FREE ASSOCIATION
Sigmund freud
A process of RELEASING NEGATIVE EMOTIONS such as grief and anger and fear
Catharsis
refers to the UNCONSCIOUS REDIRECTION of FEELINGS and ATTITUDES from ONE PERSON to another, often towards the THERAPIST. These feelings can be positive, negative, or ambivalent and are typically rooted in past relationships or experiences.
Transference
Refers to the REACTIONS and FEELINGS of a THERAPIST TOWARD their CLIENT, whether conscious or unconscious. Emotions can be positive or negative depending on situation
Countertransference
AREAS of the human BODY that are especially SENSITIVE. During SEXUAL foreplay, STIMULATING these AREAS can encourage RELAXATION, promote blood flow, build arousal, enhance sexual pleasure, and help you or your partner achieve orgasm.
Erogenous zones
According to SIGMUND FREUD present behavior is shaped by
past experiences
In 1885, SIGMUNED FREUD received a traveling grant from the University of Vienna and decided to study in Paris with the famous French neurologist JEAN-MARTIN CHARCOT. He spent 4 months with Charcot, from whom he LEARNED the HYPNOTIC TECHNIQUE for TREATING ___________, a disorder typically characterized by PARALYSIS or the IMPROPER functioning of certain PARTS of the BODY.
hysteria
JOSEPH BREUER a well-known Viennese physician taught FREUD about _________, the process of REMOVING HYSTERICAL symptoms through “TALKING THEM OUT".While using _______, Freud gradually and laboriously discovered the FREE ASSOCIATION technique, which soon REPLACED HYPNOSIS as his PRINCIPAL THERAPEUTIC technique.
catharsis
Pushing AWAY thoughts or feelings CONSCIOUSLY.
Example: You feel angry with your friend, but you suppress your anger and act friendly because you don't want to start an argument.
suppression
Pushing away thoughts or feelings UNCONSCIOUSLY
Example: You experienced a traumatic event as a child, but you can't recall it at all as an adult because your mind repressed the memory to protect you from the emotional pain.
repression
Freud believed that a PORTION of our unconscious
ORIGINATES from the experiences of our EARLY ANCESTORS that have been PASSED on to us through hundreds of generations of REPETITION. He called theseINHERITED UNCONSCIOUS IMAGES
phylogenetic endowment
what are the PROVINCES of MIND
id, ego, superego
At the core of personality and completely UNCONSCIOUS is the psychical region called the _______ its sole function is to SEEK PLEASURE, we say that the ______ serves the PLEASURE PRINCIPLE.
id
Accorind to freud, FEAR of LOSING the PENIS.
castration anxiety
According to freud, is often expressed as a WISH to be a BOY or a DESRE to have a man.
penis envy
Castration complex in the form of CASTRATION ANXIETY
SHATTERS the OEDIPUS COMPLEX. STRONG superego replaces
the NEARLY completely dissolved Oedipus complex
Male Phallic Phase
WEAK SUPEREGO REPLACES the partially DISSOLVED OEDIPUS COMPLEX
Female Phallic Phase
what is the PRIMARY GOAL of Freud’s later psychoanalytic therapy
was to uncover repressed memories through free association and dream analysis.
refers to STRONG SEXUAL or AGGRESSIVE feelings, POSITIVE or NEGATIVE, that PATIENTS DEVELOP toward their ANALYST during the COURSE of treatment.
Transference
Freud used _______ ________ to TRANSFORM the MANIFEST CONETENT of dreams to the more IMPORATANT LATENT CONTENT
dream analysis
The _______ __________ of a dream is the SURFACEmeaning or the CONSCIOUS DESCRIPTION given by the dreamer,
manifest content
REGRESSIONS, however, are usually TEMPORARY. whereas FIXATIONS demand a more or less PERMANENT expenditure of psychic energy.
both statements are true
_____________ are quite common and are readily visible in children. For example, a completely weaned child may regress to demanding a bottle or nipple when a baby brother or sister is born. The attention given to the new baby poses a threat to the older child.
Regression
An example of a ________ __________ can be seen in a young woman who deeply resents and HATES her mother. Because she knows that society demands affection toward parents, such conscious hatred for her mother would produce too much anxiety. To AVOID painful ANXIETY, the young woman concentrates on the OPPOSITE IMPULSE—love. Her “LOVE” for her mother, however, is not genuine.
Reaction Formation
In ____________, however, people can REDIRECT their UNACCEPTABLE urges onto a variety of PEOPLE or OBJECTS so that the ORIGINAL impulse is DISGUISED or CONCEALED
Displacement
REDIRECTING EMOTIONS from the original source to a substitute target. Example: An employee who is angry with their boss kicks a chair at home.
Displacement
When an INTERNAL impulse provokes TOO much ANXIETY, the EGO may REDUCE that anxiety by ATTRIBUTING the UNWANTED impulse to an EXTERNAL object, usually ANOTHER PERSON. Attributing one's unacceptable feelings or impulses to others. Example: A person who is dishonest accuses others of being untrustworthy.
Projection
An EXTREME TYPE of PROJECTION is __________, a MENTAL DISORDER characterized by POWERFUL DELUSIONS of JEALOUSY and persecution. _________ is NOT an INEVITABLE OUTCOME of PROJECTION but simply a SEVERE VARIETY of it.
paranoia
____________ is a defense mechanism whereby people INCORPORATE POSITIVE QUALITIES of ANOTHER person into their own EGO. For example, an adolescent may introject or adopt the mannerisms, values, or lifestyle of a movie star.
Introjection
whereas the _______ _________ refers to its UNCONSCIOUS MATERIAL.
latent content
The BASIC ASSUMPTION of FREUD'S DREAM ANALYSIS is that nearly ALL DREAMS are ______ ___________. Some wishes are obvious and are EXPRESSED through the MANIFEST content, as when a PERSON goes to SLEEP hungry and DREAMS of EATING LARGE quantities of DELICIOUSfood. MOST wish fulfillments, however, are expressed in the LATENT content and ONLY DREAM INTERPRETATION can UNCOVER that wish.
wish fulfillments
These DREAMS are frequently FOUND in people with POST TRAUMATAIC STRESS DISORDER (PSTD) who REPEATEDLY dream of FRIGHTENING or TRAUMATIC experiences
repetition compulsion
JAMES STRACHEY one of Freud’s translators, INVENTED the term ___________ to refer to what many PEOPLE NOW simply call
“FREUDIAN SLIPS.”
parapraxes
Freud believed that DREAMS and FREUDIAN SLIPS are DISGUISED means of EXPRESSING UNCONSCIOUS impulses. During the simple OEDIPAL STAGE, a child DESIRES SEXUAL UNION with ONE parent while HARBORING HOSTILITY for the OTHER
both statements are true
According in Freudian psychology, ______ is the LIFE INSTINCT, driving individuals to seek pleasure, form social bonds, and engage in activities promoting survival and well-being.
Eros
According in Freudian psychology, _________ is the DEATH INSTINCT, representing DESTRUCTUVE or AGGRESSIVE tendencies within individuals, leading towards death, AGGRESSION, or SELF-DISCTRUCTION.
Thanatos
what are the FIVE STAGES of HUMAN DEVELOPMENT according to freud
Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital
Creating logical explanations or JUSTIFICATIONS to make unacceptable behaviors or feelings seem REASONABLE. Example: Justifying procrastination by claiming to work better under pressure.
Rationalization
he was a well-known neurologist and was known at the time for being able to TREAT HYSTERIA SUCCESSFULLY.
JOSEPH BREUER
He had a patient who they called “Anna O” who he DIAGNOSED with HYSTERICAL NUEROSIS. Breuer HELPED RELIEVE those SYMPMTOMS by USING HYPNOSIS, which would HELP her RECALL some PAST MEMORIES and then they could discuss them. He LABELED this TECHNIQUE as the “TALKING CURE.”
JOSEPH BREUER
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