MANICURE AND PEDICURE TEST

define onyx

the technical name for the nail

define keratin

the protein from which hair, skin, and nails are made of

what are indicators for healthy nails?

all of the above

define Onychosis (Onychopathy)

the technical term for nail disease

list the functions of a normal nail

scratching

grooming

protection

enhancement

describe the length of time it takes a fingernail to grow

6 months

describe the length of time it takes a toenail to grow

12 to 18 months

what variables affect nail growth?

age

gender

health

climate

list the 6 basic parts in the Nail Unit

matrix bed, nail plate, cuticular system, nail bed, ligaments and nail folds

define free edge

the end of the nail plate that extends beyond the fingertip

define eponychium

The proximal nail fold is the fold of skin at the base or proximal portion of the nail. This skin folds back under itself, adhering to the nail surface (nail plate), forming a thin, translucent band of the stratum corneum

what is another term for cuticle

true cuticule

eponychium

define hyponychium

Located at the free edge
Attached at the underside of the free edge sealing the area
Prevents bacteria and moisture from invading

describe bed epithelium

originating at the junction of the matrix and the nail bed

Pyogenic Granuloma

Severe inflammation
Appears as a lump of red tissue
Caused by overgrowth of vascular tissue due to injury or infection.

Chronic Paronychia

Occurs over a long period and damages the nail plate. It is often caused by a yeast infection

Paronychia

This infection of the tissue around the nail is commonly caused by bacteria (streptococcus or staphylococcus) or fungi, including yeast.

Onychoptosis

Periodic nail shedding
Nail falls off
Occurs during or after certain diseases, fever or trauma

Onychomadesis

Shedding of the nail plate
Separation of the plate from the matrix
Caused by local infection, matrix injuries, severe illness, and cancer therapies

Onycholysis

Fungal
Nail loosens from the nail bed but doesn't come off
Can be caused by trauma, infection or medications

Leukonychia Mycotica

Fungal
Appears as whitish patches
May be scraped from the surface of the nail.

Onychomycosis

Fungal
Appears yellow, black, brown, orange, and green
Start along the nail margin or under the hyponychium at the free edge

Onychomycosis (Tinea Unguium)

Fungal
Infectious disease

Onychia

Inflammation of the nail unit, in part or full
Appears red and swollen.
Pus may or may not be present

Mold (Fungus)

Pseudomonas bacterial infection
Appears yellowish and greenish, can turn black
Caused by moisture seeping between an artificial nail and the free edge

Ventral Pterygium

Hyponychium stays attatched to the nail, eliminating the nail groove and making the hyponychium appear thicker
Commonly associated with Raynaud’s disease

Dorsal Pterygium

Occurs on top of the nail, with the eponychium and the true cuticle abnormally attaching to the plate
Caused by trauma, heredity, skin disease, or from an underlying bone disease

Define Pterygium

relates to the nail when there is an abnormal scarring of the proximal nail fold (eponychium) or the distal nail fold (hyponychium)

Onychogryphosis

Most common on the big toe.
The grooves weaken the nail plate

Onychogryphosis (Rams Horn Nail)

One side of the nail grows faster, curving the nail plate.
Appears grooved, ridged, and brownish
Caused by injury to the matrix bed, heredity, or long-term neglect.

Onychorrhexis

refers to split or brittle nails that also have a series of lengthwise ridges

Onychophagy

refers to nails that have been bitten enough to become deformed

Onychophosis

refers to a growth of horny epithelium in the nail bed

Onychophyma

referred to as onychauxis, is a swelling of the nail

Onychocryptosis (Ingrown Nail)

Nail grows into the sides of the tissue around the nail
Penetration causes infection (paronychia)
Appears red, painful, and abscessed with pus