MANICURE AND PEDICURE TEST
define onyx
the technical name for the nail
define keratin
the protein from which hair, skin, and nails are made of
what are indicators for healthy nails?
all of the above
define Onychosis (Onychopathy)
the technical term for nail disease
list the functions of a normal nail
scratching
grooming
protection
enhancement
describe the length of time it takes a fingernail to grow
6 months
describe the length of time it takes a toenail to grow
12 to 18 months
what variables affect nail growth?
age
gender
health
climate
list the 6 basic parts in the Nail Unit
matrix bed, nail plate, cuticular system, nail bed, ligaments and nail folds
define free edge
the end of the nail plate that extends beyond the fingertip
define eponychium
The proximal nail fold is the fold of skin at the base or proximal portion of the nail. This skin folds back under itself, adhering to the nail surface (nail plate), forming a thin, translucent band of the stratum corneum
what is another term for cuticle
true cuticule
eponychium
define hyponychium
Located at the free edge
Attached at the underside of the free edge sealing the area
Prevents bacteria and moisture from invading
describe bed epithelium
originating at the junction of the matrix and the nail bed
Pyogenic Granuloma
Severe inflammation
Appears as a lump of red tissue
Caused by overgrowth of vascular tissue due to injury or infection.
Chronic Paronychia
Occurs over a long period and damages the nail plate. It is often caused by a yeast infection
Paronychia
This infection of the tissue around the nail is commonly caused by bacteria (streptococcus or staphylococcus) or fungi, including yeast.
Onychoptosis
Periodic nail shedding
Nail falls off
Occurs during or after certain diseases, fever or trauma
Onychomadesis
Shedding of the nail plate
Separation of the plate from the matrix
Caused by local infection, matrix injuries, severe illness, and cancer therapies
Onycholysis
Fungal
Nail loosens from the nail bed but doesn't come off
Can be caused by trauma, infection or medications
Leukonychia Mycotica
Fungal
Appears as whitish patches
May be scraped from the surface of the nail.
Onychomycosis
Fungal
Appears yellow, black, brown, orange, and green
Start along the nail margin or under the hyponychium at the free edge
Onychomycosis (Tinea Unguium)
Fungal
Infectious disease
Onychia
Inflammation of the nail unit, in part or full
Appears red and swollen.
Pus may or may not be present
Mold (Fungus)
Pseudomonas bacterial infection
Appears yellowish and greenish, can turn black
Caused by moisture seeping between an artificial nail and the free edge
Ventral Pterygium
Hyponychium stays attatched to the nail, eliminating the nail groove and making the hyponychium appear thicker
Commonly associated with Raynaud’s disease
Dorsal Pterygium
Occurs on top of the nail, with the eponychium and the true cuticle abnormally attaching to the plate
Caused by trauma, heredity, skin disease, or from an underlying bone disease
Define Pterygium
relates to the nail when there is an abnormal scarring of the proximal nail fold (eponychium) or the distal nail fold (hyponychium)
Onychogryphosis
Most common on the big toe.
The grooves weaken the nail plate
Onychogryphosis (Rams Horn Nail)
One side of the nail grows faster, curving the nail plate.
Appears grooved, ridged, and brownish
Caused by injury to the matrix bed, heredity, or long-term neglect.
Onychorrhexis
refers to split or brittle nails that also have a series of lengthwise ridges
Onychophagy
refers to nails that have been bitten enough to become deformed
Onychophosis
refers to a growth of horny epithelium in the nail bed
Onychophyma
referred to as onychauxis, is a swelling of the nail
Onychocryptosis (Ingrown Nail)
Nail grows into the sides of the tissue around the nail
Penetration causes infection (paronychia)
Appears red, painful, and abscessed with pus