endocrine system
ductless glands that secretes hormones in the blood
endocrine system
structural variations of the amino acid
amines
chains of amino acid
proteins
made from cholesterol, cortisol, aldosterone, estrogen, testosterone
steroid
hangs from hypothalamus by the infantibulum, master gland
pituitary gland
stores hormones produced by the hypothalamus
posterior pituitary
increases water reabsorption of the kidney, decreases sweating
adh
stimulates contraction of myometrium of uterus during labor and release of milk from mammary glands
oxytocin
secretions are regulated by releasing hormones from the hypothalamus
anterior pituitary
increases rate of mitosis
increases amino transport into cell
increases rate of protein synthesis
increases use of fats for energy
growth hormone
increases secretion of thyroxine by thyroid gland
thyroid stimulating hormone
increases secretion of cortisol by the adrenal cortex
adrenocorticotropic hormone
hormone of the anterior pituitary gland;stimulates milk production by the mammary glands
prolactin
initiates growth of ova in ovarian follicles, increases secretion of estrogen by follicle cells in women
initiate sperm production in the testes
follicle stimulating hormone
causes ovulation, ruptured ovarian follicle to become corpus luteum, increases secretion of progesterone by the corpus luteum in women
increases secretion of testosterone by the interstitial cells of the testes
luteinizing hormone
on front and sides of trachea below the larynx
thyroid gland
produced by thyroid follicles; increase use of all food types for energy and increase protein synthesis. NECESSARY FOR NORMAL PHYSICAL, MENTAL AND SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT
thyroxine
decreases reabsorption of calcium from bones and lowers blood calcium levels
calcitonin
two on posterior of each lobe of thyroid. increases reabsorption of calcium and phosphate from bones to the blood
parathyroid glands
situated by alpha cells. stimulates liver to change glycogen to glucose. INCREASES USE OF FATS AND AMINO ACIDS FOR ENERGY. RESULT RAISES BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL
glucagon
secreted by beta cells; increases use of glucose by cells to produce energy. STIMULATES LIVER AND MUSCLES TO CHANGE GLUCOSE TO GLYCOGEN. RESULTS TO LOWER BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL
insulin
inhibit secretion of insulin and glucagon
somatostatin
one on top of each kidney, each has an inner adrenal medulla and an outer adrenal cortex
adrenal glands
produces catecholamines in stress situations
adrenal medulla
raises blood pressure
norepinephrine
increases heart rate and force
epinephrine
produces a very small amounts of sex hormones
adrenal cortex
increases reabsorption of sodium and excretion of potassium by the kidneys
MAINTAINS NORMAL BLOOD PH, BLOOD VOLUME AND BLOOD PRESSURE
aldosterone
in pelvic cavity on either side of uterus
ovaries
promotes maturation of ovum stimulates growth of blood vessels in endometrium; stimulates development of secondary sex characteristic
estrogen
promotes storage of glycogen and further growth of blood vessels in the endometrium; promotes growth of secretory cells of mammary glands
progesterone
in scrotum between the upper thighs
testes
promotes maturation of sperm in testes
testosterone
inhibit secretion of fsh to maintain a constant rate of sperm production
inhibin
brings on sleep
melatonin
involved in inflammation and pain, reproduction, nutrient metabolism, changes in blood vessels, blood clothing
prostaglandins
bpnds to a membrane receptors stimulates formation of second messenger
protein hormone (first messenger)
activates the cell enzymes to bring about the cells characteristic response to the hormone
cyclic AMP (SECOND MESSENGER)
initiate protein synthesis
steroid hormones